Kurinij N, Shiono P H, Ezrine S F, Rhoads G G
Collaborative Clinical Vision Research Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Am J Public Health. 1989 Sep;79(9):1247-50. doi: 10.2105/ajph.79.9.1247.
A prospective survey of maternal employment and breast-feeding initiation and duration was conducted among 668 Black and 511 White women who delivered their first child in Washington, DC. Ninety-one percent of White women (n = 511) and 80 percent of Black women (n = 668) reported working during pregnancy. Black women who planned to return to work part time vs full time were more likely to breast-feed rather than formula-feed (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.4, 3.7). Using Cox regression, Black women who returned to work had a shorter duration of breast-feeding than those not returning to work (hazard ratio = 0.5 (CI = 0.3, 0.9]. Black and White women returning to professional occupations had a longer duration of breast-feeding compared to women returning to sales or technical positions (hazard ratio for Black women = 2.4 (CI = 1.4, 44); hazard ratio for White women = 1.6 (CI = 1.0, 2.5]. In addition, White women in professional occupations had a longer duration of breast-feeding than women in clerical positions (hazard ratio = 1.7 (CI = 1.1, 2.6]. Until employers in the United States develop a maternity policy which does not discourage breast-feeding, the recommended six months of breast-feeding will be difficult to achieve for most employed women.
对在华盛顿特区生育第一胎的668名黑人女性和511名白人女性进行了一项关于产妇就业及母乳喂养开始情况和持续时间的前瞻性调查。91%的白人女性（n = 511）和80%的黑人女性（n = 668）报告在孕期工作。计划兼职而非全职重返工作岗位的黑人女性更有可能进行母乳喂养而非人工喂养（调整后的优势比为2.3；95%置信区间（CI）= 1.4, 3.7）。使用Cox回归分析，重返工作岗位的黑人女性母乳喂养持续时间比未重返工作岗位的女性短（风险比 = 0.5（CI = 0.3, 0.9））。与重返销售或技术岗位的女性相比，从事专业职业的黑人女性和白人女性母乳喂养持续时间更长（黑人女性的风险比 = 2.4（CI = 1.4, 4.4）；白人女性的风险比 = 1.6（CI = 1.0, 2.5））。此外，从事专业职业的白人女性母乳喂养持续时间比从事文职工作的女性长（风险比 = 1.7（CI = 1.1, 2.6））。在美国雇主制定不阻碍母乳喂养的产假政策之前，对于大多数职业女性来说，达到推荐的六个月母乳喂养期将很困难。
