Grupo de Biología, Dirección de Química y Nuevas Energías, Centro de Tecnología de Repsol, Repsol S.A. Ctra. de Extremadura A-5. Km. 18, 28395, Móstoles, Spain.
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia "Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016 Nov;100(21):8985-9001. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7832-x. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
Acetate is ubiquitously found in natural environments. Its availability in the gut is high as a result of the fermentation of nutrients, and although it is rapidly absorbed by intestinal mucosa, it can also be used as carbon source by some members of gut microbiota. The metabolism of acetate in Escherichia coli has attracted the attention of the scientific community due to its role in central metabolism and its link to multiple physiological features. In this microorganism, acetate is involved directly or indirectly on the regulation of functional processes, such as motility, formation of biofilms, and responses to stress. Furthermore, it is a relevant nutrient in gut, where it serves additional roles, which regulate or, at least, modulate pathophysiological responses of E. coli and other bacteria. Acetate is one of the major by-products of anaerobic (fermenting) metabolism, and it is also produced under fully aerobic conditions. This acetate overflow is recognized as one of the major drawbacks limiting E. coli's productivity in biotechnological processes. This review sums up current knowledge on acetate metabolism in E. coli, explaining the major milestones that have led to deciphering its complex regulation in the K-12 strain. Major differences in the metabolism of acetate in other strains will be underlined, with a focus on strains of biotechnological and biomedical interest.
醋酸盐在自然环境中无处不在。由于营养物质的发酵，其在肠道中的含量很高，尽管它被肠黏膜迅速吸收，但它也可以被肠道微生物群的一些成员用作碳源。由于其在中心代谢中的作用及其与多种生理特征的联系，大肠杆菌中醋酸盐的代谢引起了科学界的关注。在这种微生物中，醋酸盐直接或间接地参与调节运动性、生物膜形成和应激反应等功能过程。此外，它还是肠道中的一种重要营养物质，具有额外的作用，调节或至少调节大肠杆菌和其他细菌的病理生理反应。醋酸盐是厌氧（发酵）代谢的主要副产物之一，也可以在完全需氧条件下产生。这种醋酸盐溢出被认为是限制大肠杆菌在生物技术过程中生产力的主要缺点之一。这篇综述总结了大肠杆菌中醋酸盐代谢的最新知识，解释了导致其在 K-12 菌株中复杂调控的主要里程碑。还将强调其他菌株中醋酸盐代谢的主要差异，重点关注具有生物技术和生物医学意义的菌株。
