Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Spain.
Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Trends Plant Sci. 2017 Jan;22(1):38-52. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.08.009. Epub 2016 Sep 17.
Designer nucleases allow the creation of new plant genotypes by introducing precisely-targeted double-strand breaks that are resolved by endogenous repair pathways. The major nuclease technologies are meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Each comprises a promiscuous endonuclease guided by protein-DNA or RNA-DNA interactions. A great deal is known about the principles of designer nucleases but much remains to be learned about their detailed behavioral characteristics in different plant species. The outcome of genome engineering reflects the intrinsic properties of each nuclease and target genome, causing variations in efficiency, accuracy, and mutation structure. In this article, we critically discuss the activities of designer nucleases in different cereals representing a broad range of genome characteristics.
通过引入精确靶向的双链断裂，设计核酸酶允许创建新的植物基因型，这些断裂通过内源性修复途径解决。主要的核酸酶技术包括巨型核酸酶、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶和 CRISPR/Cas9 系统。每个系统都由一种由蛋白质-DNA 或 RNA-DNA 相互作用指导的混杂内切酶组成。虽然人们对设计核酸酶的原理有了很多了解，但对于它们在不同植物物种中的详细行为特征仍有很多需要学习的地方。基因组工程的结果反映了每种核酸酶和靶基因组的固有特性，导致效率、准确性和突变结构的变化。在本文中，我们批判性地讨论了代表广泛基因组特征的不同谷物中设计核酸酶的活性。
