Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Rajouri, J&K, India.
MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
GM Crops Food. 2023 Dec 31;14(1):1-27. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2023.2219111.
The daunting task of feeding an ever-growing population is an immense challenge for the contemporary scientific community, especially in view of the rapidly changing climate throughout the world. Amidst these threatening crises, we witness rapid development in genome editing (GE) technologies, revolutionizing the field of applied genomics and molecular breeding. Various GE tools have been developed during the last two decades, but the CRISPR/Cas system has most recently made a significant impact on crop improvement. The major breakthroughs of this versatile toolbox are genomic modifications like single base-substitutions, multiplex GE, gene regulation, screening mutagenesis, and enhancing the breeding of wild crop plants. Previously, this toolbox was used to modify genes related to significant traits such as biotic/abiotic resistance/tolerance, post-harvest traits, nutritional regulation, and to address self-incompatibility analysis-related challenges. In the present review, we have demonstrated the functional dynamics of CRISPR-based GE and its applicability in targeting genes to accomplish novel editing of crops. The compiled knowledge will provide a solid foundation for highlighting the primary source for applying CRISPR/Cas as a toolbox for enhancing crops, to achieve food and nutritional security.
养活不断增长的人口的艰巨任务是当代科学界面临的巨大挑战，尤其是考虑到世界范围内气候的迅速变化。在这些威胁性危机中，我们见证了基因组编辑（GE）技术的飞速发展，彻底改变了应用基因组学和分子育种领域。在过去的二十年中已经开发出了各种 GE 工具，但 CRISPR/Cas 系统最近在作物改良方面产生了重大影响。这个多功能工具盒的主要突破是对基因组进行修饰，如单碱基替换、多重 GE、基因调控、筛选诱变和增强野生作物的育种。以前，这个工具盒被用于修饰与生物/非生物抗性/耐受性、采后特性、营养调节以及解决自交不亲和性分析相关挑战有关的基因。在本综述中，我们展示了基于 CRISPR 的 GE 的功能动态及其在靶向基因以实现作物新型编辑方面的适用性。综合知识将为强调将 CRISPR/Cas 作为增强作物的工具箱的主要来源提供坚实的基础，以实现粮食和营养安全。
