Stengler K, Rauschenbach J, Riedel-Heller S G, Becker T, Steinhart I, Gerlinger G, Hauth I
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Semmelweisstraße 10, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2016 Nov;87(11):1144-1151. doi: 10.1007/s00115-016-0215-9.
Working and living for persons with mental illnesses are a major concern of rehabilitative psychiatry. In Germany the definition of rehabilitation for persons with mental illnesses is closely linked to different sectors of social welfare and to the strongly organized supply chain of prevention, acute treatment, rehabilitation and care. In successfully supporting people with mental health problems in terms of vocational integration, professionals face various obstacles. Besides finding the correct content, structural and organizational difficulties can also arise. The welfare system with its specific institutions and settings is complicated which often leads to delays in the onset of rehabilitation. Some essential reasons are insufficient knowledge about established options of rehabilitative treatment and about responsibilities related to participation in specialized training and further education for professional caregivers. Also information and (positive) experiences from pilot projects working in an inclusive, cross-sectional way and across different settings are practically unavailable in Germany. The presented compass of participation from the German Association for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (DGPPN) for vocational integration of persons with mental illnesses starts at this point: it provides guidelines for psychiatric and psychotherapeutic practitioners, general practitioners as well as for physicians working in residential or day care institutions with a psychiatric and psychotherapeutic background. Both the paper and planned online versions should help professionals to help people, particularly those with severe mental illnesses to navigate the system of services for vocational integration in Germany.
对于精神疾病患者而言，工作和生活是康复精神病学的主要关注点。在德国，精神疾病患者的康复定义与社会福利的不同部门以及预防、急性治疗、康复和护理的强大组织供应链紧密相连。在职业融合方面成功支持有心理健康问题的人时，专业人员面临各种障碍。除了找到正确的内容，还可能出现结构和组织上的困难。福利系统及其特定的机构和设置很复杂，这往往导致康复开始延迟。一些主要原因包括对既定的康复治疗选择以及专业护理人员参与专业培训和继续教育的相关责任了解不足。此外，在德国，以包容、跨部门和跨不同环境开展工作的试点项目的信息和（积极）经验实际上并不存在。德国精神病学、心理治疗和身心医学协会（DGPPN）提出的这份精神疾病患者职业融合参与指南正是从这一点出发：它为精神科和心理治疗从业者、全科医生以及在有精神科和心理治疗背景的住院或日间护理机构工作的医生提供指导方针。该纸质版和计划中的在线版都应帮助专业人员帮助人们，特别是那些患有严重精神疾病的人在德国的职业融合服务系统中找到方向。
