Kerimoğlu Gökçen, Aslan Ali, Baş Orhan, Çolakoğlu Serdar, Odacı Ersan
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 Dec;78:125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.09.007. Epub 2016 Sep 17.
Cell phones, an indispensable element of daily life, are today used at almost addictive levels by adolescents. Adolescents are therefore becoming increasingly exposed to the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cell phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exposure to a 900-MHz EMF throughout adolescence on the lumbar spinal cord using histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley (28.3-43.9g) aged 21days were included in the study. These were divided equally into three groups - control (CG), sham (SG) and electromagnetic (ELMAG). No procedure was performed on the CG rats until the end of the study. SG and ELMAG rats were kept inside an EMF cage (EMFC) for 1h a day every day at the same time between postnatal days 22 and 60. During this time, ELMAG rats were exposed to the effect of a 900-MHz EMF, while the SG rats were kept in the EMFC without being exposed to EMF. At the end of the study, the lumbar regions of the spinal cords of all rats in all groups were extracted. Half of each extracted tissue was stored at -80°C for biochemical analysis, while the other half was used for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In terms of histopathology, a lumbar spinal cord with normal morphology was observed in the other groups, while morphological irregularity in gray matter, increased vacuolization and infiltration of white matter into gray matter were pronounced in the ELMAG rats. The cytoplasm of some neurons in the gray matter was shrunken and stained dark, and vacuoles were observed in the cytoplasms. The apoptotic index of glia cells and neurons were significantly higher in ELMAG compared to the other groups. Biochemical analysis revealed a significantly increased MDA value in ELMAG compared to CG, while SOD and GSH levels decreased significantly. In conclusion, our study results suggest that continuous exposure to a 900-MHz EMF for 1h a day through all stages of adolescence can result in impairments at both morphological and biochemical levels in the lumbar region spinal cords of Sprague Dawley rats.
手机作为日常生活中不可或缺的元素，如今青少年对其使用程度几乎到了成瘾的地步。因此，青少年越来越多地受到手机发出的电磁场（EMF）的影响。本研究的目的是使用组织病理学、免疫组织化学和生化技术，研究整个青春期暴露于900兆赫电磁场对腰椎脊髓的影响。24只21日龄的斯普拉格-道利大鼠（体重28.3 - 43.9克）被纳入研究。这些大鼠被平均分为三组——对照组（CG）、假手术组（SG）和电磁场组（ELMAG）。在研究结束前，CG组大鼠不进行任何操作。SG组和ELMAG组大鼠在出生后第22天至60天期间，每天同一时间在电磁场笼（EMFC）中饲养1小时。在此期间，ELMAG组大鼠暴露于900兆赫电磁场的影响，而SG组大鼠被置于电磁场笼中但不暴露于电磁场。研究结束时，提取所有组中所有大鼠脊髓的腰段区域。每个提取组织的一半储存在-80°C用于生化分析，另一半用于组织病理学和免疫组织化学分析。在组织病理学方面，其他组观察到腰椎脊髓形态正常，而ELMAG组大鼠灰质形态不规则、空泡化增加以及白质向灰质浸润明显。灰质中一些神经元的细胞质收缩并染成深色，细胞质中可见空泡。与其他组相比，ELMAG组中胶质细胞和神经元的凋亡指数显著更高。生化分析显示，与CG组相比，ELMAG组的丙二醛（MDA）值显著增加，而超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平显著降低。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在青春期的各个阶段每天持续1小时暴露于900兆赫电磁场会导致斯普拉格-道利大鼠腰段脊髓在形态和生化水平上出现损伤。
