Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Section of Microbiology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
J Immunol Res. 2016;2016:4326495. doi: 10.1155/2016/4326495. Epub 2016 Aug 29.
HLA-G is a HLA-class Ib molecule with potent immunomodulatory activities, which is expressed in physiological conditions, where modulation of the immune response is required to avoid allograft recognition (i.e., maternal-fetal interface or transplanted patients). However, HLA-G can be expressed de novo at high levels in several pathological conditions, including solid and hematological tumors and during microbial or viral infections, leading to the impairment of the immune response against tumor cells or pathogens, respectively. On the other hand, the loss of HLA-G mediated control of the immune responses may lead to the onset of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, caused by an uncontrolled activation of the immune effector cells. Here, we have reviewed novel findings on HLA-G functions in different physiological and pathological settings, which have been published in the last two years. These studies further confirmed the important role of this molecule in the modulation of the immune system.
HLA-G 是一种 HLA 类 Ib 分子，具有强大的免疫调节活性，在需要调节免疫反应以避免同种异体识别的生理条件下表达（即母体-胎儿界面或移植患者）。然而，HLA-G 可以在几种病理条件下高水平新表达，包括实体瘤和血液系统肿瘤以及微生物或病毒感染期间，导致分别针对肿瘤细胞或病原体的免疫反应受损。另一方面，HLA-G 介导的对免疫反应的控制丧失可能导致自身免疫/炎症性疾病的发生，这是由免疫效应细胞的失控激活引起的。在这里，我们回顾了过去两年中在不同生理和病理环境中 HLA-G 功能的新发现。这些研究进一步证实了该分子在免疫系统调节中的重要作用。
