Hothan Kholoud A, Alasmari Bashaer A, Alkhelaiwi Omniya K, Althagafi Khalid M, Alkhaldi Abdulaziz A, Alfityani Ahmed K, Aladawi Muhannad M, Sharief Sara N, El Desoky Sherif, Kari Jameela A
Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
Saudi Med J. 2016 Oct;37(10):1120-6. doi: 10.15537/smj.2016.10.14784.
To determine the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, hematuria, and proteinuria among healthy adolescents and to determine the associated risk factors.
This is a cross-sectional study of 8 intermediate schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between March 2015 and June 2015. Samples were selected randomly and equal proportions from each school for both genders were ensured. Both blood pressure and body mass index were measured and a brief questionnaire was filled out for the specified studied group. Urine dipstick analysis was carried out for 294 children. A second questionnaire was completed for hypertensive and obese subjects in addition to those with hematuria and proteinuria.
A total of 401 children (200 males) with a mean (SD) age of 13.87 (1.27) were included. Hypertension was found in 17.2% with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Pre-hypertension was found in 4.2% of our sample with a male to female ratio of 2.1:1. Obesity was found in 19.2% with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Obesity was found to be the most significant risk factor for hypertension with a related risk: 2.87, 95% and confidence interval: 1.9-4.3. For urine abnormalities, 10.2% of samples were positive for proteinuria, 17% for hematuria, and 3.1% for both.
It was found that there is a positive correlation between the incidence of obesity and hypertension in adolescents. Hematuria and proteinuria were also found to be high. Screening and prevention programs are therefore recommended.
确定健康青少年中高血压、肥胖、血尿和蛋白尿的患病率，并确定相关危险因素。
这是一项于2015年3月至2015年6月在沙特阿拉伯吉达的8所中学进行的横断面研究。样本随机选取，确保各学校男女比例相等。测量血压和体重指数，并为指定的研究组填写一份简短问卷。对294名儿童进行尿试纸分析。除了血尿和蛋白尿患者外，还为高血压和肥胖受试者完成了第二份问卷。
共纳入401名儿童（200名男性），平均（标准差）年龄为13.87（1.27）岁。发现高血压患病率为17.2%，男女比例为1.4:1。在我们的样本中，发现4.2%的人处于高血压前期，男女比例为2.1:1。肥胖患病率为19.2%，男女比例为1.5:1。肥胖被发现是高血压最显著的危险因素，相关风险为2.87，95%置信区间为1.9 - 4.3。对于尿液异常，10.2%的样本蛋白尿呈阳性，17%血尿呈阳性，3.1%两者均呈阳性。
发现青少年肥胖发生率与高血压之间存在正相关。还发现血尿和蛋白尿的发生率也很高。因此建议开展筛查和预防项目。
