Jaworska-Wilczynska Maria, Trzaskoma Pawel, Szczepankiewicz Andrzej A, Hryniewiecki Tomasz
Department of Acquired Cardiac Defects, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2016;54(3):121-125. doi: 10.5603/FHC.a2016.0014. Epub 2016 Sep 21.
Normal pericardium consists of an outer sac called fibrous pericardium and an inner one called serous pericardium. The two layers of serous pericardium: visceral and parietal are separated by the pericardial cavity, which contains 20 to 60 mL of the plasma ultrafiltrate. The pericardium acts as mechanical protection for the heart and big vessels, and a lubrication to reduce friction between the heart and the surrounding structures. A very important role in all aspects of pericardial functions is played by mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells form a monolayer lining the serosal cavity and play an important role in antigen presentation, inflammation and tissue repair, coagulation and fibrinolysis. The two major types of mesothelial cells, flat or cuboid, differ substantially in their ultrastructure and, probably, functions. The latter display abundant microvilli, RER, Golgi dense bodies, membrane-bound vesicles and intracellular vacuoles containing electron-dense material described as dense bodies. The normal structure and functions of the pericardium determine correct healing after its injury as a result of surgery or microbial infection. The unfavorable resolution of acute or chronic pericarditis leads to the formation of adhesions between pericardial leaflets which may lead to serious complications.
正常心包由外层的纤维心包和内层的浆膜心包组成。浆膜心包的两层，即脏层和壁层，被心包腔分隔开，心包腔内含有20至60毫升血浆超滤液。心包对心脏和大血管起到机械保护作用，并起到润滑作用以减少心脏与周围结构之间的摩擦。间皮细胞在心包功能的各个方面都发挥着非常重要的作用。间皮细胞形成覆盖浆膜腔的单层结构，在抗原呈递、炎症和组织修复、凝血和纤维蛋白溶解中发挥重要作用。两种主要类型的间皮细胞，扁平或立方形，在超微结构上可能也在功能上存在显著差异。后者显示出丰富的微绒毛、粗面内质网、高尔基体致密小体、膜结合囊泡和含有被称为致密小体的电子致密物质的细胞内空泡。心包的正常结构和功能决定了其在手术或微生物感染后损伤的正确愈合。急性或慢性心包炎的不良转归会导致心包叶之间形成粘连，这可能会导致严重并发症。
