Hubbard Jason, Kuhns David, Schäfer Theo A J, Mayr Ulrich
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon.
Department of Psychology, Marburg University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Mar;43(3):385-393. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000306. Epub 2016 Sep 22.
Conflict-adaptation effects (i.e., reduced response-time costs on high-conflict trials following high-conflict trials) supposedly represent our cognitive system's ability to regulate itself according to current processing demands. However, currently it is not clear whether these effects reflect conflict-triggered, active regulation, or passive carry-over of previous-trial control settings. We used eye movements to examine whether the degree of experienced conflict modulates conflict-adaptation effects, as the conflict-triggered regulation view predicts. Across 2 experiments in which participants had to identify a target stimulus based on an endogenous cue while-on conflict trials-having to resist a sudden-onset distractor, we found a clear indication of conflict adaptation. This adaptation effect disappeared however, when participants inadvertently fixated the sudden-onset distractor on the previous trial-that is, when they experienced a high degree of conflict. This pattern of results suggests that conflict adaptation can be explained parsimoniously in terms of a broader memory process that retains recently adopted control settings across trials. (PsycINFO Database Record
冲突适应效应（即高冲突试验后高冲突试验的反应时间成本降低）据推测代表了我们的认知系统根据当前处理需求进行自我调节的能力。然而，目前尚不清楚这些效应是反映了冲突引发的主动调节，还是前一次试验控制设置的被动延续。正如冲突引发调节观点所预测的那样，我们使用眼动来检验所体验到的冲突程度是否会调节冲突适应效应。在两个实验中，参与者必须根据一个内源性线索识别目标刺激，同时在冲突试验中要抵制突然出现的干扰物，我们发现了冲突适应的明确迹象。然而，当参与者在前一次试验中不小心注视了突然出现的干扰物时，即当他们经历了高度冲突时，这种适应效应就消失了。这种结果模式表明，冲突适应可以根据一个更广泛的记忆过程来简洁地解释，该过程在试验中保留了最近采用的控制设置。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
