The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
Healthcare (Basel). 2016 Sep 21;4(3):71. doi: 10.3390/healthcare4030071.
Very low energy diets (VLED) are efficacious in inducing rapid weight loss but may not contain adequate macronutrients or micronutrients for individuals with varying nutritional requirements. Adequate protein intake during weight loss appears particularly important to help preserve fat free mass and control appetite, and low energy and carbohydrate content also contributes to appetite control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional content (with a focus on protein), nutritional adequacy and cost of all commercially-available VLED brands in Australia. Nutritional content and cost were extracted and compared between brands and to the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) or adequate intake (AI) of macronutrients and micronutrients for men and women aged 19-70 years or >70 years. There was wide variability in the nutritional content, nutritional adequacy and cost of VLED brands. Most notably, even brands with the highest daily protein content, based on consuming three products/day (KicStart™ and Optislim(®), ~60 g/day), only met estimated protein requirements of the smallest and youngest women for whom a VLED would be indicated. Considering multiple options to optimise protein content, we propose that adding pure powdered protein is the most suitable option because it minimizes additional energy, carbohydrate and cost of VLEDs.
极低能量饮食（VLED）在诱导快速减肥方面非常有效，但对于营养需求不同的个体来说，可能无法包含足够的宏量营养素和微量营养素。在减肥期间摄入足够的蛋白质对于帮助保留去脂体重和控制食欲尤为重要，而低能量和低碳水化合物含量也有助于控制食欲。因此，本研究旨在比较澳大利亚所有市售 VLED 品牌的营养成分（重点是蛋白质）、营养充足性和成本。从品牌之间以及男性和女性 19-70 岁或>70 岁的推荐膳食摄入量（RDI）或宏量营养素和微量营养素的充足摄入量（AI）中提取和比较营养成分和成本。VLED 品牌的营养成分、营养充足性和成本存在很大差异。值得注意的是，即使是每天食用三种产品（KicStart™ 和 Optislim(®)，约 60 g/天）的蛋白质含量最高的品牌，也仅能满足对 VLED 有指示作用的最小和最年轻女性的估计蛋白质需求。考虑到优化蛋白质含量的多种选择，我们提出添加纯蛋白粉是最合适的选择，因为它可以最大限度地减少 VLED 的额外能量、碳水化合物和成本。
