Rich Alisa L, Phipps Laura M, Tiwari Sweta, Rudraraju Hemanth, Dokpesi Philip O
University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, Fort Worth, TX, USA.; World Health Organization Chemical Risk Assessment Network Member, Geneva, Switzerland.
University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
Environ Health Insights. 2016 Sep 8;10:163-71. doi: 10.4137/EHI.S39825. eCollection 2016.
An increasing number of children are born with intersex variation (IV; ambiguous genitalia/hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphroditism, etc.). Evidence shows that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment can cause reproductive variation through dysregulation of normal reproductive tissue differentiation, growth, and maturation if the fetus is exposed to EDCs during critical developmental times in utero. Animal studies support fish and reptile embryos exhibited IV and sex reversal when exposed to EDCs. Occupational studies verified higher prevalence of offspring with IV in chemically exposed workers (male and female). Chemicals associated with endocrine-disrupting ability in humans include organochlorine pesticides, poly-chlorinated biphenyls, bisphenol A, phthalates, dioxins, and furans. Intersex individuals may have concurrent physical disorders requiring lifelong medical intervention and experience gender dysphoria. An urgent need exists to determine which chemicals possess the greatest risk for IV and the mechanisms by which these chemicals are capable of interfering with normal physiological development in children.
越来越多的儿童出生时存在性发育异常（IV；生殖器模糊/雌雄同体、假两性畸形等）。有证据表明，如果胎儿在子宫内的关键发育时期接触环境中的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC），这些物质可通过扰乱正常生殖组织的分化、生长和成熟而导致生殖异常。动物研究表明，鱼类和爬行动物胚胎在接触EDC时会出现性发育异常和性逆转。职业研究证实，接触化学物质的工人（男性和女性）后代出现性发育异常的患病率更高。与人类内分泌干扰能力相关的化学物质包括有机氯农药、多氯联苯、双酚A、邻苯二甲酸盐、二恶英和呋喃。性发育异常个体可能同时患有需要终身医学干预的身体疾病，并经历性别焦虑。迫切需要确定哪些化学物质对性发育异常构成最大风险，以及这些化学物质干扰儿童正常生理发育的机制。
