Child Movement Activity and Developmental Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Child Movement Activity and Developmental Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA.
Front Public Health. 2016 Sep 8;4:173. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00173. eCollection 2016.
Self-regulatory skills are broadly defined as the ability to manage emotions, focus attention, and inhibit some behaviors while activating others in accordance with social expectations and are an established indicator of academic success. Growing evidence links motor skills and physical activity to self-regulation. This study examined the efficacy of a motor skills intervention (i.e., the Children's Health Activity Motor Program, CHAMP) that is theoretically grounded in Achievement Goal Theory on motor skill performance and self-regulation in Head Start preschoolers. A sample of 113 Head Start preschoolers (Mage = 51.91 ± 6.5 months; 49.5% males) were randomly assigned to a treatment (n = 68) or control (n = 45) program. CHAMP participants engaged in 15, 40-min sessions of a mastery climate intervention that focused on the development of motor skills over 5 weeks while control participants engaged in their normal outdoor recess period. The Delay of Gratification Snack Task was used to measure self-regulation and the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition was used to assess motor skills. All measures were assessed prior to and following the intervention. Linear mixed models were fit for both self-regulation and motor skills. Results revealed a significant time × treatment interaction (p < 0.001). In regard to motor skills, post hoc comparisons found that all children improved their motor skills (p < 0.05), but the CHAMP group improved significantly more than the control group (p < 0.001). Children in CHAMP maintained their self-regulation scores across time, while children in the control group scored significantly lower than the CHAMP group at the posttest (p < 0.05). CHAMP is a mastery climate movement program that enhance skills associated with healthy development in children (i.e., motor skills and self-regulation). This efficacy trial provided evidence that CHAMP helped maintain delay of gratification in preschool age children and significantly improved motor skills while participating in outdoor recess was not effective. CHAMP could help contribute to children's learning-related skills and physical development and subsequently to their academic success.
自我调节能力被广泛定义为根据社会期望管理情绪、集中注意力、抑制某些行为和激活其他行为的能力，是学业成功的既定指标。越来越多的证据将运动技能和身体活动与自我调节联系起来。本研究考察了一项运动技能干预（即儿童健康活动运动计划，CHAMP）的效果，该干预理论上基于成就目标理论，针对学前儿童的运动技能表现和自我调节。一项由 113 名学前儿童（平均年龄=51.91±6.5 个月；49.5%为男性）组成的样本被随机分配到治疗组（n=68）或对照组（n=45）。CHAMP 参与者参与了 15 次，每次 40 分钟的掌握气候干预，重点是在 5 周内发展运动技能，而对照组参与者则在正常的户外休息时间进行活动。延迟满足零食任务用于衡量自我调节，而大运动发育测试-第二版用于评估运动技能。所有措施均在干预前后进行评估。线性混合模型分别适用于自我调节和运动技能。结果显示，自我调节和运动技能的时间与处理的相互作用均具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。在运动技能方面，事后比较发现所有儿童的运动技能都有所提高（p<0.05），但 CHAMP 组的提高明显高于对照组（p<0.001）。CHAMP 组的儿童在整个时间内保持了自我调节能力的分数，而对照组的儿童在测试后得分明显低于 CHAMP 组（p<0.05）。CHAMP 是一项掌握气候运动计划，可增强与儿童健康发展相关的技能（即运动技能和自我调节）。这项疗效试验提供的证据表明，CHAMP 有助于维持学龄前儿童的延迟满足，同时显著提高运动技能，而户外休息时间则没有效果。CHAMP 可以帮助儿童提高与学习相关的技能和身体发育，从而提高他们的学业成功。
