Brandon Dimetrius, Famelia Ruri, Webster E Kipling, Goodway Jacqueline D
Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
Children (Basel). 2025 Apr 29;12(5):578. doi: 10.3390/children12050578.
: Disadvantaged children often enter kindergarten with delays in fundamental motor skill (FMS) competence, which is critical for future physical activity engagement. The Summer Success-Successful Kinesthetic Instruction for Preschoolers (SS-SKIP) program was designed to address these developmental gaps, with a short, intensive intervention. This pilot study evaluated the impact of a 4-week SS-SKIP program on FMS, perceived motor competence (PMC), and executive function (EF). : Twenty-one preschool children (mean age = 62.62 ± 4.61 months) from disadvantaged communities participated in an intensive, month-long (240 min) program. FMS were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 (TGMD-2), PMC was evaluated using the Pictorial Scale for Perceived Competence, and EF was measured via the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders (HTKS), Go/No-Go, and Sorting cards tests. Standing long jump was measured in meters. A pretest-post-test design assessed program impact using 2 Gender X 2 Session MANOVAs/ANOVAs on dependent variables. : Analysis of differences in baseline measures of FMS competence and EF by Gender and Session revealed no significant main effects of Gender, Session, or their interaction across measures (all > 0.05). Repeated measures ANOVAs by Gender revealed a significant main effect for Time for locomotor standard scores ( < 0.001), object control standard scores ( < 0.001), and HTKS scores ( < 0.001), indicating improvement from pretest to post-test. By contrast, jump distance, PMC, Go/No-Go and Card Sorting scores were non-significant ( > 0.05). : A short, intense SS-SKIP FMS intervention significantly enhanced FMS and improved HTKS performance. This pilot study was limited by the lack of a control group and small N. These findings underscore the potential of short, targeted interventions in addressing early motor delays in disadvantaged preschoolers, warranting further investigation into their long-term impacts.
处境不利的儿童进入幼儿园时往往在基本运动技能（FMS）能力方面存在延迟，而这对未来参与体育活动至关重要。夏季成功计划——针对学龄前儿童的成功动觉教学（SS-SKIP）旨在通过短期密集干预来解决这些发展差距。这项试点研究评估了为期4周的SS-SKIP计划对FMS、感知运动能力（PMC）和执行功能（EF）的影响。21名来自处境不利社区的学龄前儿童（平均年龄 = 62.62 ± 4.61个月）参加了为期一个月（240分钟）的密集计划。使用大肌肉发展测试-2（TGMD-2）评估FMS，使用感知能力图片量表评估PMC，并通过头-趾-膝-肩（HTKS）、停止信号和分类卡片测试测量EF。立定跳远以米为单位进行测量。采用前测-后测设计，使用2×2性别×时段多变量方差分析/方差分析对因变量评估计划影响。对FMS能力和EF的基线测量按性别和时段进行差异分析，结果显示性别、时段或它们在各项测量中的交互作用均无显著主效应（均P>0.05）。按性别进行的重复测量方差分析显示，运动标准分数（P<0.001）、物体控制标准分数（P<0.001）和HTKS分数（P<0.001）的时间主效应显著，表明从前测到后测有所改善。相比之下，跳远距离、PMC、停止信号和卡片分类分数无显著差异（P>0.05）。短期、高强度的SS-SKIP FMS干预显著提高了FMS并改善了HTKS表现。这项试点研究因缺乏对照组和样本量小而受到限制。这些发现强调了短期、有针对性的干预在解决处境不利学龄前儿童早期运动延迟方面的潜力，有必要进一步研究其长期影响。
