Robinson Leah E, Veldman Sanne L C, Palmer Kara K, Okely Anthony D
1Child Movement, Activity, and Developmental Health Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 2Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 3Early Start Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA; and 4Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, AUSTRALIA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Nov;49(11):2234-2239. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001339.
Fundamental motor skills (FMS) contribute to positive health trajectories. A high level of competence in ball skills (a subset of FMS) is a predictor for time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity during adolescence. This study examined the effects of a ball skills intervention on ball skill competence among preschool-aged boys and girls.
This is a two-armed randomized controlled trial. A total of 124 preschoolers (Mage ± SD = 48.14 ± 6.62 months) were randomly assigned to one of two groups, the Children's Health Activity Motor Program (CHAMP; n = 81) or control (n = 43). FMS were measured before, after (9 wk), and at retention (18 wk) using the object control subscale of the Test of Gross Motor Development, Second Edition. Changes in ball skill scores were calculated (pretest-posttest, pretest-retention, posttest-retention) and were compared using one-way ANOVAs with post hoc Scheffe analysis.
Findings support that groups demonstrated significantly different rates of change from pretest to posttest (F3,117 = 179.45, P < 0.001), pretest to retention (F3,113 = 95.8, P < 0.001), and posttest to retention (F3,113 = 189.89, P < 0.001). Compared with their control group peers, CHAMP boys and girls had greater positive rates of change from pretest to posttest and pretest to retention as well as greater negative rates of change from posttest to retention.
CHAMP was effective in improving and maintaining ball skills in preschool-age boys and girls. Findings support that providing a high-quality motor skill program in early childhood settings could potentially be a sustainable public health approach to promoting FMS and positive developmental trajectories for health.
基本运动技能（FMS）有助于形成积极的健康轨迹。较高水平的球类技能（FMS的一个子集）是青少年进行中度至剧烈强度体育活动时间的一个预测指标。本研究考察了一项球类技能干预对学龄前男孩和女孩球类技能水平的影响。
这是一项双臂随机对照试验。总共124名学龄前儿童（平均年龄±标准差=48.14±6.62个月）被随机分配到两个组之一，即儿童健康活动运动项目组（CHAMP；n = 81）或对照组（n = 43）。使用《粗大运动发展测试第二版》的物体控制子量表在干预前、干预后（9周）和保持期（18周）测量FMS。计算球类技能得分的变化（前测-后测、前测-保持期、后测-保持期），并使用单因素方差分析和事后谢费分析进行比较。
研究结果支持各小组在从前测到后测（F3,117 = 179.45，P < 0.001）、前测到保持期（F3,113 = 95.8，P < 0.001）以及后测到保持期（F3,113 = 189.89，P < 0.001）的变化率存在显著差异。与对照组的同龄人相比，CHAMP组的男孩和女孩从前测到后测以及从前测到保持期的正向变化率更大，从后测到保持期的负向变化率也更大。
CHAMP在提高和保持学龄前男孩和女孩的球类技能方面是有效的。研究结果支持在幼儿环境中提供高质量的运动技能项目可能是促进FMS和积极健康发展轨迹的一种可持续公共卫生方法。
