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美国埃博拉政策的新闻媒体报道:对未来传染病威胁期间沟通的启示。

News media coverage of U.S. Ebola policies: Implications for communication during future infectious disease threats.

作者信息

Sell Tara Kirk, Boddie Crystal, McGinty Emma E, Pollack Keshia, Smith Katherine Clegg, Burke Thomas A, Rutkow Lainie

机构信息

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; UPMC Center for Health Security, 621 E Pratt St. Suite 210, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States.

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; UPMC Center for Health Security, 621 E Pratt St. Suite 210, Baltimore, MD 21202, United States.

出版信息

Prev Med. 2016 Dec;93:115-120. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.09.016. Epub 2016 Sep 21.

Abstract

The Ebola outbreak of 2014-2015 raised concerns about the disease's potential spread in the U.S. and received significant news media coverage. Prior research has shown that news media coverage of policy options can influence public opinion regarding those policies, as well as public attitudes toward the broader social issues and target populations addressed by such policies. To assess news media coverage of Ebola policies, the content of U.S.-focused news stories (n=1262) published between July 1 and November 30, 2014 from 12 news sources was analyzed for 13 policy-related messages. Eight-two percent of news stories mentioned one or more policy-related messages. The most frequently appearing policy-related messages overall were those about isolation (47%) and quarantine (40%). The least frequently mentioned policy-related message described dividing potentially exposed persons into distinct groups based on their level of Ebola risk in order to set different levels of restrictions (5%). Message frequency differed depending on whether news sources were located in an area that experienced an Ebola case or controversy, by news sources' political ideological perspective, and by type of news source (print and television). All policy-related messages showed significant increases in frequency after the first case of Ebola was diagnosed in the U.S. on September 30, 2014, with the exception of messages related to isolation, which showed a significant decrease. Results offer insight into how the news media covers policies to manage emerging disease threats.

摘要

2014 - 2015年的埃博拉疫情引发了人们对该疾病在美国可能传播的担忧,并受到了新闻媒体的大量报道。先前的研究表明,新闻媒体对政策选项的报道会影响公众对这些政策的看法,以及公众对这类政策所涉及的更广泛社会问题和目标人群的态度。为了评估新闻媒体对埃博拉政策的报道,对2014年7月1日至11月30日期间来自12个新闻来源的以美国为重点的新闻报道(n = 1262)的内容进行了分析,以查找13条与政策相关的信息。82%的新闻报道提到了一条或多条与政策相关的信息。总体而言,最常出现的与政策相关的信息是关于隔离(47%)和检疫(40%)的信息。提及最少的与政策相关的信息是根据潜在接触者的埃博拉风险水平将其分为不同组,以便设置不同程度的限制(5%)。信息出现的频率因新闻来源是否位于出现埃博拉病例或争议的地区、新闻来源的政治意识形态观点以及新闻来源的类型(印刷媒体和电视)而异。2014年9月30日美国确诊首例埃博拉病例后,所有与政策相关的信息的出现频率都显著增加,但与隔离相关的信息除外,该信息出现频率显著下降。研究结果为新闻媒体如何报道应对新出现疾病威胁的政策提供了见解。

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