信息不确定性：中国 COVID-19 疫情期间急性应激障碍的一个相关因素。
Information uncertainty: a correlate for acute stress disorder during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.
机构信息
Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec 7;20(1):1867. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09952-3.
BACKGROUND
Individuals' stress in responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic may be exacerbated by information uncertainty driven by inconsistent, unverified, and conflicting news from various sources. The current study aims to test if information uncertainty during the COVID-19 outbreak was related to acute stress disorder (ASD) over and above other psychosocial stressors.
METHODS
An anonymous online survey was conducted with 7800 college students throughout China from January 31 through February 11, 2020. Existing scales were modified to measure ASD and six potential stressors including information uncertainty during the COVID-19 outbreak. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to assess the unique association of information uncertainty with ASD. To minimize the effect of large sample size and also to get a sense of whether the effects of information uncertainty were similar to people at the center of the epidemic, we repeated the hierarchical regression among 10% of the students who were randomly selected from the entire sample ("10% random sample"; n = 780) and 226 students from Hubei Province where the outbreak started.
RESULTS
Information uncertainty was highly prevalent among the respondents (64%). It was significantly associated with ASD beyond other key variables and potential stressors across three samples. In the hierarchical regression among the entire sample, demographic variables accounted for 9.4% of the variance in ASD. The other five stressors added 5.1% of the variance. The information uncertainty (β = .159; p < .001) explained an additional 2.1% of the variance. Likewise, the information uncertainty explained an additional 2.1 and 3.4% of the variance in ASD beyond all other variables among the 10% random sample (β = .165; p < .001) and the Hubei sample (β = .196; p < .01), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Information uncertainty is a unique correlate of psychological stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Reducing information uncertainty is essential not only for halting virus transmission but also for mitigating negative impacts of the pandemic on people's psychosocial wellbeing. Transparent, timely, and accurate communication can reduce public confusion, fear, and stress. Capacity building in governments, communities, and media outlets to prevent, reduce and manage information uncertainty should be a critical part of the response to an emerging global health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
背景
由于来自各种来源的信息不确定、未经证实和相互矛盾，当前 COVID-19 大流行可能会加剧个人对疫情的应激反应。本研究旨在测试 COVID-19 爆发期间的信息不确定性是否与急性应激障碍（ASD）有关，而不仅仅是其他心理社会应激源。
方法
2020 年 1 月 31 日至 2 月 11 日，通过在中国的 7800 名大学生进行了一项匿名在线调查。对现有的量表进行了修改，以测量 ASD 和六个潜在的应激源，包括 COVID-19 爆发期间的信息不确定性。分层回归分析用于评估信息不确定性与 ASD 的独特关联。为了最小化大样本量的影响，同时了解信息不确定性的影响是否与疫情中心的人相似，我们在整个样本中随机选择的 10%的学生（n=780）和湖北省的 226 名学生（疫情爆发地）中重复了分层回归。
结果
在被调查者中，信息不确定性非常普遍（64%）。在三个样本中，信息不确定性在其他关键变量和潜在应激源之外与 ASD 显著相关。在整个样本的分层回归中，人口统计学变量解释了 ASD 方差的 9.4%。其他五个应激源增加了 5.1%的方差。信息不确定性（β=0.159;p<0.001）解释了另外 2.1%的方差。同样，在整个随机样本（β=0.165;p<0.001）和湖北样本（β=0.196;p<0.01）中，信息不确定性在 ASD 之外解释了另外 2.1%和 3.4%的方差。
结论
信息不确定性是 COVID-19 大流行期间心理压力的一个独特相关因素。减少信息不确定性不仅对于阻止病毒传播至关重要，而且对于减轻大流行对人们的心理社会健康的负面影响也至关重要。透明、及时和准确的沟通可以减少公众的困惑、恐惧和压力。在政府、社区和媒体机构中建立预防、减少和管理信息不确定性的能力，应该是应对 COVID-19 等新兴全球卫生危机的重要组成部分。
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