Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Jan 1;574:707-715. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.051. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from oil and gas exploration and development are major contributors to emission inventories in oil and natural gas (ONG) systems. For the developing countries, including China, studies of this aspect of the industry, being at an early stage, lack a unified method of calculation, and this leads to varied projections of national emissions. In this paper, progress is reported on direct measurement of CH and CO emissions along the oil and gas value chain, for four oil and gas fields. An improved calculation method (classification calculation method), which considers the production status of each type of oil and gas field in China, is proposed for the first time in this study. Based on in situ measurement, it is used to estimate the national CH and CO emissions from the process of petroleum exploration and development. The results showed that CH and CO emissions in 2013 were 73.29×10 and 20.32×10tonnes, respectively (in CO equivalent: 1559.36×10tonnes). Compared with the results (731.52×10tonnes of CH, 1031.55×10tonnes of CO, 16,393.48×10tonnes of CO equivalent) in 2013 determined by the Tier 1 method of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the carbon emissions from field measurement method were much lower than that of IPCC method, which indicated that carbon emissions of ONG systems in China were severely overrated by IPCC. Hence, the GHG emission results reported herein could fundamentally improve the knowledge and understanding of GHG emissions from ONG exploration and development in China.
温室气体（GHG）排放的石油和天然气勘探和开发是主要的贡献者，排放清单在石油和天然气（ONG）系统。对于发展中国家，包括中国，这方面的研究行业，处于起步阶段，缺乏统一的计算方法，这导致不同的国家排放量的预测。在本文中，进展报告直接测量 CH 和 CO 排放沿石油和天然气价值链，四个油田。提出了一种改进的计算方法（分类计算方法），首次考虑了中国各类型油田的生产状况。在此基础上，采用原位测量法对全国石油勘探开发过程中的 CH 和 CO 排放量进行了估算。结果表明，2013 年 CH 和 CO 的排放量分别为 73.29×10 和 20.32×10 吨（以 CO 当量计：1559.36×10 吨）。与结果（2013 年 IPCC 方法 Tier 1 确定的 731.52×10 吨 CH、1031.55×10 吨 CO、16393.48×10 吨 CO 当量）相比，场测量方法的碳排放量要低得多，这表明中国 ONG 系统的碳排放量被 IPCC 严重高估。因此，本文报告的温室气体排放结果可以从根本上提高对中国石油天然气勘探开发温室气体排放的认识和理解。
