The septins FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 are required for cytokinesis and affect asexual and sexual development, lipid metabolism and virulence in Fusarium asiaticum.

Septins are a highly conserved family of GTP-binding proteins that contribute to many cellular and metabolic functions, including cell polarity, cytokinesis, cell morphogenesis and pathogenesis. In this study, we characterized the septins FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 in the filamentous fungus Fusarium asiaticum. The functions of FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 were evaluated by constructing deletion mutants of FaCdc3 and FaCdc12, designated ΔFaCdc3-5 and ΔFaCdc12-71, respectively. The deletion mutants exhibited a reduced rate of mycelial growth, increased aerial hyphae formation, irregularly shaped hyphae, reduced conidiation and a lack of sexual reproduction in wheat kernels. Histochemical analysis revealed that the conidia and hyphae of ΔFaCdc3-5 and ΔFaCdc12-71 formed large lipid droplets (LDs). ΔFaCdc3-5 and ΔFaCdc12-71 also exhibited increased resistance to agents that induce osmotic stress and damage the cell membrane and cell wall. In addition, the hyphae and conidia of the two mutants formed fewer septa than those of the wild-type and exhibited aberrant nuclear distribution. Pathogenicity assays showed that ΔFaCdc3-5 and ΔFaCdc12-71 exhibited reduced virulence on wheat spikelets, which was indirectly correlated with a reduced level of deoxynivalenol accumulation. All of these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the two mutants with the parental FaCdc3 and FaCdc12. These results indicate that FaCdc3 and FaCdc12 play a critical role in various cellular processes in F. asiaticum.