Linton A, Golobof A, Shulman L P
a Section of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
b Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University , Chicago , Illinois , USA.
Climacteric. 2016 Dec;19(6):526-534. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2016.1225033. Epub 2016 Sep 24.
Perimenopause, or the menopause transition, is a time in a woman's life that bridges her reproductive years through to the non-surgical cessation of ovulation, or menopause. For many women this time is one of changes: changes in gynecological issues, onset of symptoms not experienced in her youth and increasing risks for adverse medical conditions. Despite the clear changes that occur for many women during this time, one critical issue is frequently ignored, namely, that, until the onset of menopause, she is exposed to pregnancy if sexually active, and pregnancy for older reproductive women is fraught with considerable increases in morbidity and mortality compared to younger women. This paper will present a review of the reproductive issues of the perimenopause and interventions geared to preventing pregnancy and relieving menopause-related symptoms. As counseling remains a critical aspect in empowering women to make informed choices about their health care, this paper will present current evidence that will help clinicians provide accurate reproductive counseling to women in the menopause transition.
围绝经期，即绝经过渡阶段，是女性生命中的一个时期，它连接着女性的生育期直至排卵非手术性停止，即绝经。对许多女性而言，这个时期充满了变化：妇科问题的变化、年轻时未曾经历过的症状的出现以及不良医疗状况风险的增加。尽管许多女性在这个时期会出现明显的变化，但一个关键问题却常常被忽视，即，在绝经开始之前，如果有性行为，她仍有怀孕的风险，而且与年轻女性相比，年长的育龄女性怀孕会使发病率和死亡率大幅增加。本文将综述围绝经期的生殖问题以及旨在预防怀孕和缓解绝经相关症状的干预措施。由于咨询在帮助女性就其医疗保健做出明智选择方面仍然是一个关键因素，本文将提供当前的证据，以帮助临床医生为处于绝经过渡阶段的女性提供准确的生殖咨询。
