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在工作记忆中执行指向性遗忘时,对要记住的项目进行复述是不必要的:支持一种主动控制机制。

Rehearsal of to-be-remembered items is unnecessary to perform directed forgetting within working memory: Support for an active control mechanism.

作者信息

Festini Sara B, Reuter-Lorenz Patricia A

机构信息

Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas.

Department of Psychology, University of Michigan.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Jan;43(1):94-108. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000308. Epub 2016 Sep 26.

DOI:10.1037/xlm0000308
PMID:27668484
Abstract

Directed forgetting tasks instruct people to forget targeted memoranda. In the context of working memory, people attempt to forget representations that are currently held in mind. Here, we evaluated candidate mechanisms of directed forgetting within working memory, by (a) testing the influence of articulatory suppression, a rehearsal-reducing and attention-demanding secondary task, on directed forgetting efficacy, and by (b) assessing the ability of people to perform forgetting in the absence of to-be-remembered competitors to rehearse. In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression interfered with directed forgetting, increasing the proportion of false alarms to to-be-forgotten probes in the working memory phase and decreasing the magnitude of the directed forgetting effect as assessed by an incidental long-term memory recognition test. Experiment 2 replicated the effects of articulatory suppression and tested whether the simultaneous requirement to retain, and presumably rehearse, to-be-remembered items was necessary for successful forgetting. The long-term directed forgetting effect was equivalent whether or not participants had to-be-remembered items to rehearse during the working memory phase. Experiment 3 included an additional comparison condition and confirmed that articulatory suppression interfered with directed forgetting and that participants were as efficient at directed forgetting with and without competitors to remember. In combination, these experiments suggest that directed forgetting in working memory requires an active control process that is limited by articulatory suppression, and that the demand to remember a concurrent memory set is unnecessary for this control process to operate. (PsycINFO Database Record

摘要

定向遗忘任务要求人们忘记目标记忆内容。在工作记忆的背景下,人们试图忘记当前脑海中持有的表征。在此,我们通过以下方式评估了工作记忆中定向遗忘的候选机制:(a) 测试发音抑制(一种减少复述且需要注意力的次要任务)对定向遗忘效果的影响;(b) 评估人们在没有要记忆的竞争项可供复述的情况下进行遗忘的能力。在实验1中,发音抑制干扰了定向遗忘,增加了工作记忆阶段对要遗忘探测项的误报比例,并降低了通过附带长期记忆识别测试评估的定向遗忘效应的大小。实验2重复了发音抑制的效果,并测试了在工作记忆阶段同时要求保留并可能复述要记忆的项目对于成功遗忘是否必要。无论参与者在工作记忆阶段是否有要记忆的项目可供复述,长期定向遗忘效应都是相同的。实验3包括一个额外的比较条件,并证实发音抑制干扰了定向遗忘,且无论有无要记忆的竞争项,参与者在定向遗忘方面的效率是一样的。综合来看,这些实验表明,工作记忆中的定向遗忘需要一个受发音抑制限制的主动控制过程,并且对于这个控制过程的运作来说,记住一个并发记忆集的要求并非必要。(《心理学文摘数据库记录》 )

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