Saeterbakken Atle Hole, Andersen Vidar, Behm David G, Krohn-Hansen Espen Krogseth, Smaamo Mats, Fimland Marius Steiro
Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Sogn og Fjordane University College, PB 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, Canada.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016 Dec;116(11-12):2247-2256. doi: 10.1007/s00421-016-3470-3. Epub 2016 Sep 26.
The aim of the study was to assess the task-specificity (greater improvements in trained compared to non-trained tasks), transferability and time-course adaptations of resistance-training programs with varying instability requirements.
Thirty-six resistance-trained men were randomized to train chest press 2 days week for 10 week (6 repetitions × 4 series) using a Swiss ball, Smith machine or dumbbells. A six-repetition maximum-strength test with the aforementioned exercises and traditional barbell chest press were performed by all participants at the first, 7th, 14th and final training session in addition to electromyographic activities of the prime movers measured during isometric bench press.
The groups training with the unstable Swiss-ball and dumbbells, but not the stable Smith-machine, demonstrated task-specificity, which became apparent in the early phase and remained throughout the study. The improvements in the trained exercise tended to increase more with instability (dumbbells vs. Smith machine, p = 0.061). The group training with Smith machine had similar improvements in the non-trained exercises. Greater improvements were observed in the early phase of the strength-training program (first-7th session) for all groups in all three exercises, but most notably for the unstable exercises. No differences were observed between the groups or testing times for EMG activity.
These findings suggest that among resistance-trained individuals, the concept of task-specificity could be most relevant in resistance training with greater stability requirements, particularly due to rapid strength improvements for unstable resistance exercises.
本研究旨在评估不同不稳定要求的抗阻训练计划的任务特异性（训练任务比未训练任务有更大改善）、可转移性和时间进程适应性。
36名抗阻训练男性被随机分为三组，每周2天进行10周的卧推训练（6次重复×4组），分别使用瑞士球、史密斯机或哑铃。所有参与者在第一次、第7次、第14次和最后一次训练时，除了在等长卧推过程中测量主要运动肌的肌电图活动外，还使用上述练习和传统杠铃卧推进行六次重复最大力量测试。
使用不稳定的瑞士球和哑铃训练的组，而非稳定的史密斯机组，表现出任务特异性，这在早期阶段就很明显，并在整个研究过程中持续存在。随着不稳定性增加（哑铃与史密斯机相比，p = 0.061），训练练习的改善往往更大。使用史密斯机训练的组在未训练练习中也有类似的改善。在力量训练计划的早期阶段（第一次至第7次训练），所有组在所有三项练习中都有更大的改善，但最明显的是不稳定练习。各组之间或肌电图活动的测试时间之间没有观察到差异。
这些发现表明，在抗阻训练个体中，任务特异性的概念在稳定性要求更高的抗阻训练中可能最为相关，特别是由于不稳定抗阻练习的力量快速提高。
