Castro Yessenia
School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin.
Soc Personal Psychol Compass. 2016 Jul;10(7):390-404. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12256. Epub 2016 Jul 4.
Tobacco is a significant burden to individual and public health, and disparities exist among Latino smokers with respect to use and cessation. Although the prevalence of smoking is lower for Latinos than for non-Latino Whites and the general U.S. population, numerous health disparities exist within the population of Latino smokers. Much is known about determinants of smoking and cessation but the vast majority of this knowledge is based on research with non-Latino White smokers. This results in at least two important challenges in tobacco research among Latino smokers: (i) demonstrating the generalizability of known determinants of smoking and cessation, and; (ii) identifying culturally relevant variables that influence smoking and cessation among Latinos. An argument for increased research in these areas is presented with a review of existing research among Latino smokers that demonstrates these needs. Research is summarized that suggests socioeconomic position, depressive symptomatology, physical dependence, and gender function differently as determinants of smoking and cessation among Latinos compared with the general population of smokers. Research is also reviewed that suggests the promise of acculturation, acculturative stress, and discrimination as culturally relevant determinants of smoking and cessation. Research and practice implications are discussed, and specific areas for future research are offered.
烟草对个人和公众健康构成重大负担，拉丁裔吸烟者在烟草使用和戒烟方面存在差异。尽管拉丁裔的吸烟率低于非拉丁裔白人及美国总体人口，但拉丁裔吸烟者群体中存在众多健康差异。关于吸烟和戒烟的决定因素已有很多了解，但绝大多数此类知识是基于对非拉丁裔白人吸烟者的研究。这在拉丁裔吸烟者的烟草研究中至少带来两个重要挑战：（i）证明已知吸烟和戒烟决定因素的普遍性，以及；（ii）识别影响拉丁裔吸烟和戒烟的与文化相关的变量。本文通过回顾拉丁裔吸烟者的现有研究来阐述这些需求，进而论证在这些领域加强研究的必要性。总结的研究表明，与总体吸烟者群体相比，社会经济地位、抑郁症状、身体依赖和性别在拉丁裔吸烟者的吸烟和戒烟决定因素中发挥着不同作用。还回顾了一些研究，这些研究表明文化适应、文化适应压力和歧视有望成为与文化相关的吸烟和戒烟决定因素。讨论了研究和实践意义，并提出了未来研究的具体领域。
