日常歧视与非裔美国人、拉丁裔和白人吸烟者的尼古丁依赖有关。
Everyday discrimination is associated with nicotine dependence among African American, Latino, and White smokers.
作者信息
Kendzor Darla E, Businelle Michael S, Reitzel Lorraine R, Rios Debra M, Scheuermann Taneisha S, Pulvers Kim, Ahluwalia Jasjit S
机构信息
Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Dallas, TX;
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 Jun;16(6):633-40. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt198. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
INTRODUCTION
Discrimination is a commonly perceived stressor among African Americans and Latinos, and previous research has linked stress with substance dependence. Although studies have shown a link between discrimination and smoking, little is known about the relationship between discrimination and nicotine dependence.
METHODS
A total of 2,376 African American (33.4%; n = 794), Latino (33.1%; n = 786), and White (33.5%; n = 796) smokers completed an online survey. Everyday discrimination experiences were described in total and by race/ethnicity. Covariate-adjusted linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the associations between everyday discrimination and indicators of nicotine dependence.
RESULTS
Most participants (79.1%), regardless of race/ethnicity, reported experiencing everyday discrimination. However, total scores on the discrimination measure were higher among Latinos and African Americans than among Whites (p < .001). Race/ethnicity/national origin was the most commonly perceived reason for everyday discrimination among African Americans and Latinos, whereas physical appearance was the most commonly perceived reason among Whites. Regression analyses indicated that everyday discrimination was positively associated with indicators of nicotine dependence, including the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI; p < .001) and the Brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM) scales (all ps < .001). There was a significant interaction between race/ethnicity and discrimination, such that discrimination was associated with the HSI only among Latinos. Similarly, discrimination was most strongly associated with the WISDM scales among Latinos.
CONCLUSIONS
Analyses indicated that discrimination is a common stressor associated with nicotine dependence. Findings suggest that greater nicotine dependence is a potential pathway through which discrimination may influence health.
引言
歧视是非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔普遍感受到的压力源，先前的研究已将压力与物质依赖联系起来。尽管研究表明歧视与吸烟之间存在联系，但对于歧视与尼古丁依赖之间的关系却知之甚少。
方法
共有2376名非洲裔美国人（33.4%；n = 794）、拉丁裔（33.1%；n = 786）和白人（33.5%；n = 796）吸烟者完成了一项在线调查。总体上以及按种族/族裔描述了日常的歧视经历。进行了协变量调整的线性回归分析，以评估日常歧视与尼古丁依赖指标之间的关联。
结果
大多数参与者（79.1%），无论种族/族裔如何，都报告经历过日常歧视。然而，拉丁裔和非洲裔美国人在歧视量表上的总分高于白人（p <.001）。种族/族裔/国籍是非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔日常歧视最常被感知到的原因，而外表是白人中最常被感知到的原因。回归分析表明，日常歧视与尼古丁依赖指标呈正相关，包括吸烟强度指数（HSI；p <.001）和威斯康星吸烟依赖动机简表（WISDM）量表（所有p值<.001）。种族/族裔与歧视之间存在显著交互作用，即只有拉丁裔中歧视与HSI相关。同样，歧视在拉丁裔中与WISDM量表的关联最为强烈。
结论
分析表明歧视是与尼古丁依赖相关的常见压力源。研究结果表明，更强的尼古丁依赖是歧视可能影响健康的一条潜在途径。
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