Cekanaviciute Egle, Buckwalter Marion S
Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Medical School, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Neurotherapeutics. 2016 Oct;13(4):685-701. doi: 10.1007/s13311-016-0477-8.
Astrocytes regulate neuroinflammatory responses after stroke and in other neurological diseases. Although not all astrocytic responses reduce inflammation, their predominant function is to protect the brain by driving the system back to homeostasis after injury. They receive multidimensional signals within the central nervous system and between the brain and the systemic circulation. Processing this information allows astrocytes to regulate synapse formation and maintenance, cerebral blood flow, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Similarly, in response to stroke and other central nervous system disorders, astrocytes detect and integrate signals of neuronal damage and inflammation to regulate the neuroinflammatory response. Two direct regulatory mechanisms in the astrocyte arsenal are the ability to form both physical and molecular barriers that seal the injury site and localize the neuroinflammatory response. Astrocytes also indirectly regulate the inflammatory response by affecting neuronal health during the acute injury and axonal regrowth. This ability to regulate the location and degree of neuroinflammation after injury, combined with the long time course of neuroinflammation, makes astrocytic signaling pathways promising targets for therapies.
星形胶质细胞在中风及其他神经疾病后调节神经炎症反应。尽管并非所有星形胶质细胞反应都会减轻炎症，但其主要功能是通过在损伤后促使系统恢复稳态来保护大脑。它们在中枢神经系统内以及大脑与体循环之间接收多维度信号。处理这些信息使星形胶质细胞能够调节突触形成与维持、脑血流量以及血脑屏障完整性。同样，在中风和其他中枢神经系统疾病的反应中，星形胶质细胞检测并整合神经元损伤和炎症信号以调节神经炎症反应。星形胶质细胞的武器库中有两种直接调节机制，即形成物理和分子屏障的能力，这些屏障可封闭损伤部位并使神经炎症反应局限化。星形胶质细胞还通过在急性损伤期间影响神经元健康和轴突再生来间接调节炎症反应。这种在损伤后调节神经炎症的位置和程度的能力，再加上神经炎症的长期病程，使得星形胶质细胞信号通路成为有前景的治疗靶点。
