Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Dec 15;573:1607-1614. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.134. Epub 2016 Sep 24.
This study reports levels and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dust samples collected from three different microenvironments (cars, air conditioner (AC) filters and household floor dust) of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Kuwait. To the best of our knowledge, this is first study reporting PAHs in indoor microenvironments of KSA, which makes these findings important. Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr) were found to be the major chemicals in dust samples from all selected microenvironments. ΣPAHs occurred at median concentrations (ng/g) of 3450, 2200, and 2650 in Saudi AC filter, car and household floor dust, respectively. The median levels (ng/g) of ΣPAHs in Kuwaiti car (950) and household floor (1675) dust samples were lower than Saudi dust. The PAHs profile in Saudi dust was dominated by high molecular weight (HMW) (4-5 ring) PAHs while in Kuwaiti dust 3 ring PAHs have marked contribution. BaP equivalent, a marker for carcinogenic PAHs, was high in Saudi household floor and AC filter dust with median levels (ng/g) of 370 and 455, respectively. Different exposure scenarios, using 5th percentile, median, mean, and 95th percentile levels, were estimated for adults and toddlers. For Saudi and Kuwaiti toddlers worst exposure scenario of ΣPAHs was calculated at 175 and 85ng/kg body weight/day (ng/kgbw/d), respectively. For Saudi toddlers, the calculated worst exposure scenarios for carcinogenic BaP (27.7) and BbF (29.3ng/kgbw/d) was 2-4 times higher than Kuwaiti toddlers. This study is based on small number of samples which necessitate more detailed studies for better understanding of dynamics of PAHs in the indoor environments of this region. Nevertheless, our finding supports the ongoing exposure of organic pollutants to population that accumulates indoor.
本研究报告了在沙特阿拉伯（沙特）和科威特的三个不同微环境（汽车、空调（AC）过滤器和家庭地板灰尘）中采集的灰尘样本中的多环芳烃（PAHs）水平和分布。据我们所知，这是首次报告沙特室内微环境中 PAHs 的研究，因此这些发现很重要。苯并（b）荧蒽（BbF）、苯并（a）芘（BaP）、菲（Phe）和芘（Pyr）被发现是所有选定微环境中灰尘样本中的主要化学物质。ΣPAHs 在沙特 AC 过滤器、汽车和家庭地板灰尘中的浓度（ng/g）中位数分别为 3450、2200 和 2650。科威特汽车（950）和家庭地板（1675）灰尘样本中ΣPAHs 的中位数（ng/g）水平低于沙特灰尘。沙特灰尘中的 PAHs 分布以高分子量（HMW）（4-5 环）PAHs 为主，而科威特灰尘中 3 环 PAHs 则有明显的贡献。BaP 当量是致癌 PAHs 的标志物，沙特家庭地板和 AC 过滤器灰尘中的含量较高，中位数（ng/g）分别为 370 和 455。使用第 5 百分位数、中位数、平均值和第 95 百分位数水平，估计了成人和幼儿的不同暴露情景。对于沙特和科威特的幼儿，ΣPAHs 的最坏暴露情景分别计算为 175 和 85ng/kg 体重/天（ng/kgbw/d）。对于沙特幼儿，计算出的致癌 BaP（27.7）和 BbF（29.3ng/kgbw/d）的最坏暴露情景比科威特幼儿高 2-4 倍。本研究基于少量样本，需要进行更详细的研究，以更好地了解该地区室内环境中 PAHs 的动态。然而，我们的发现支持有机污染物对室内积累的人群的持续暴露。
