Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 30;18(9):4803. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094803.
People may spend a significant amount of their daily time in cars and thus be exposed to chemicals present in car dust. Various chemicals are emitted from during car use, contaminating the car dust. In this study, we compiled published and unpublished data on the occurrence of phthalates, flame retardants (FRs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Saudi car dust. Phthalates, a class of chemical commonly used as plasticizers in different car parts, were the major pollutants found in car dust, with a median value of ∑phthalates 1,279,000 ng/g. Among other chemicals, organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were found to be between 1500-90,500 ng/g, which indicates their use as alternative FRs in the car industry. The daily exposure to Saudi drivers (regular and taxi drivers) was below the respective reference dose (RfD) values of the individual chemicals. However, the estimated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values due to chronic exposure to these chemicals was >1 × 10 for taxi drivers for phthalates and PAHs, indicating that the long-term exposure to these chemicals is a cause of concern for drivers who spend considerable time in cars. The study has some limitations, due to the small number of samples, lack of updated RfD values, and missing cancer slope factors for many studied chemicals. Despite these limitations, this study indicates the possible range of exposure to drivers from chemicals in car dust and warrants further extensive studies to confirm these patterns.
人们可能会在汽车中度过大量的日常时间，因此会接触到车内灰尘中存在的化学物质。各种化学物质在汽车使用过程中会释放出来，污染汽车灰尘。在这项研究中，我们汇编了已发表和未发表的关于沙特车内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯、阻燃剂 (FRs)、多环芳烃 (PAHs) 和多氯联苯 (PCBs) 含量的数据。邻苯二甲酸酯是一类常用于汽车不同部件的增塑剂，是车内灰尘中的主要污染物，其浓度值为∑邻苯二甲酸酯 1,279,000ng/g。在其他化学物质中，有机磷阻燃剂 (OPFRs) 的含量在 1500-90,500ng/g 之间，这表明它们作为替代 FRs 在汽车行业中的使用。沙特司机（普通司机和出租车司机）的日常接触量低于各化学物质的参考剂量 (RfD) 值。然而，由于长期接触这些化学物质而导致的沙特司机的估计终身癌症风险 (ILCR) 值大于 1×10，这表明长期接触这些化学物质对那些在车内度过大量时间的司机来说是一个令人担忧的问题。由于样本数量较少、缺乏最新的 RfD 值以及许多研究化学物质缺少癌症斜率因子，因此该研究存在一些局限性。尽管存在这些局限性，但本研究表明了车内灰尘中化学物质对司机的可能暴露范围，需要进一步开展广泛的研究来证实这些模式。
