Zander Thea, Öllinger Michael, Volz Kirsten G
Department of Psychology, University of Basel Basel, Switzerland.
Parmenides FoundationMunich, Germany; Department Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunich, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2016 Sep 13;7:1395. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01395. eCollection 2016.
Intuition and insight are intriguing phenomena of non-analytical mental functioning: whereas intuition denotes ideas that have been reached by sensing the solution without any explicit representation of it, insight has been understood as the sudden and unexpected apprehension of the solution by recombining the single elements of a problem. By face validity, the two processes appear similar; according to a lay perspective, it is assumed that intuition precedes insight. Yet, predominant scientific conceptualizations of intuition and insight consider the two processes to differ with regard to their (dis-)continuous unfolding. That is, intuition has been understood as an experience-based and gradual process, whereas insight is regarded as a genuinely discontinuous phenomenon. Unfortunately, both processes have been investigated differently and without much reference to each other. In this contribution, we therefore set out to fill this lacuna by examining the conceptualizations of the assumed underlying cognitive processes of both phenomena, and by also referring to the research traditions and paradigms of the respective field. Based on early work put forward by Bowers et al. (1990, 1995), we referred to semantic coherence tasks consisting of convergent word triads (i.e., the solution has the same meaning to all three clue words) and/or divergent word triads (i.e., the solution means something different with respect to each clue word) as an excellent kind of paradigm that may be used in the future to disentangle intuition and insight experimentally. By scrutinizing the underlying mechanisms of intuition and insight, with this theoretical contribution, we hope to launch lacking but needed experimental studies and to initiate scientific cooperation between the research fields of intuition and insight that are currently still separated from each other.
直觉指的是通过感知解决方案而得出的想法,而无需对其进行任何明确的表征;洞察力则被理解为通过重新组合问题的单个元素而突然意外地领悟到解决方案。从表面效度来看,这两个过程似乎相似;根据外行的观点,人们认为直觉先于洞察力。然而,直觉和洞察力的主流科学概念认为这两个过程在其(非)连续展开方面存在差异。也就是说,直觉被理解为一个基于经验的渐进过程,而洞察力则被视为一种真正的不连续现象。不幸的是,这两个过程的研究方式不同,且彼此之间没有太多参考。因此,在本论文中,我们着手通过研究这两种现象假定的潜在认知过程的概念化,并参考各自领域的研究传统和范式来填补这一空白。基于鲍尔斯等人(1990年、1995年)早期的研究成果,我们将由收敛词三元组(即解决方案对所有三个线索词具有相同含义)和/或发散词三元组(即解决方案对每个线索词的含义不同)组成的语义连贯任务作为一种优秀的范式,未来可用于通过实验区分直觉和洞察力。通过审视直觉和洞察力的潜在机制,我们希望通过这一理论贡献开展缺失但必要的实验研究,并启动目前仍相互分离的直觉和洞察力研究领域之间的科学合作。