Agbre-Yace Marie Laurette, Oyenusi Elizabeth Eberechi, Oduwole Abiola Olufunmilayo, Ake Michèle Dominique, Abodo Jacko Rhedoor
Centre Anti-diabétique, Institut National de Santé Publique, BP V47 Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire ; Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centre for West Africa, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital./Paediatric Endocrinology Training Centre for West Africa, LUTH, Lagos, Nigeria.
J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2016 Sep 20;15:38. doi: 10.1186/s40200-016-0261-7. eCollection 2015.
World Health Organization has predicted a worldwide rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Cote d'Ivoire is not exempted as evidenced by such factors as obesity and sedentary life style amongst others. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among children and adolescents in the district of Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire.
A cross-sectional descriptive survey using a multi-stage sampling approach was conducted from March to April 2013. 1572 children and adolescents aged 02-19 years were surveyed in 687 randomly selected households in three municipalities. Capillary fasting glucose was performed in all subjects, and when abnormal was followed by an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Definitions of Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and DM (Diabetes Mellitus) were according to International Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) Guidelines.
The prevalence of DM and IFG were 0.4 % and 14.5 % respectively. There was no significant differences between patients with different glycemic status in terms of ethnicity/nationality (p = 0.98) or gender (0.079). In the rural areas, 565 (81.1 %) subjects were normoglycaemic and 132 (18.9 %) subjects hyperglycaemic while there were 773 (88.3 %) normoglycaemic subjects and 102 (11.7 %) hyperglycaemic subjects respectively from the urban areas of residence and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was identical (0.4 %) in the two age groups (2-9 years and 10-19 years). Seventy-seven (4.9 %) children who participated in the study had at least one diabetic parent. The proportion of participants with a diabetic father (59, 3.8. %) was twice the proportion with a diabetic mother (30,1.9 %) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Only 10 out of 228 patients with IFG reported for the follow up OGTT and no impaired glucose tolerance was identified in these patients.
The prevalence rate of DM among children and adolescents was 0.4 %. Nationwide awareness campaigns and prevention programmes about diabetes in childhood should be instituted and existing ones strengthened. Adequate commitment from the relevant stakeholders especially the country's ministry of health is also advocated to stem this looming epidemic.
世界卫生组织预测全球糖尿病患病率将上升。科特迪瓦也未能幸免，肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式等因素就是明证。本研究的目的是确定科特迪瓦阿比让地区儿童和青少年糖尿病（DM）的患病率。
2013年3月至4月采用多阶段抽样方法进行了横断面描述性调查。在三个城市随机抽取的687户家庭中，对1572名2至19岁的儿童和青少年进行了调查。对所有受试者进行空腹毛细血管血糖检测，血糖异常者随后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。空腹血糖受损（IFG）和糖尿病（DM）的定义依据国际儿童和青少年糖尿病学会（ISPAD）指南。
DM和IFG的患病率分别为0.4%和14.5%。不同血糖状态的患者在种族/国籍（p = 0.98）或性别（0.079）方面无显著差异。在农村地区，565名（81.1%）受试者血糖正常，132名（18.9%）受试者血糖升高；而在城市地区，分别有773名（88.3%）血糖正常的受试者和102名（11.7%）血糖升高的受试者，这种差异具有统计学意义（p = 0.000）。两个年龄组（2至9岁和10至19岁）的糖尿病患病率相同（0.4%）。参与研究的77名（4.9%）儿童至少有一位糖尿病父母。有糖尿病父亲的参与者比例（59名，3.8%）是有糖尿病母亲的参与者比例（30名，1.9%）的两倍，且具有统计学意义（p = 0.002）。228名IFG患者中只有10名进行了后续的OGTT检查，这些患者中未发现糖耐量受损。
儿童和青少年中DM的患病率为0.4%。应开展全国性的儿童糖尿病宣传活动和预防项目，并加强现有项目。还提倡相关利益攸关方，特别是该国卫生部做出充分承诺，以遏制这一迫在眉睫的流行病。
