Donohue Maura J, Wymer Larry
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016 Dec;13(12):2143-2150. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201605-353OC.
Many nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are clinically significant pathogens that cause disease in a variety of different human organs and tissues.
A population-based study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of patients with a positive specimen for NTM within five states of the United States.
We determined the case and age distribution of patients with at least one specimen positive for NTM, using data submitted to the disease surveillance systems of five states (Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin) between 2008 and 2013. Crude, age-specific, and age-adjusted prevalence rates per 100,000 persons were calculated for each state.
From 2008 to 2013, a total of 24,226 NTM cases were reported to the disease surveillance systems of the five states. The overall average annual age-adjusted prevalence rate rose from 8.7 to 13.9 per 100,000 persons between the beginning and end of the surveillance period. The number of cases and case rate in the 50-80+-year age group was higher than in the 0-49-year age group. Prevalence by age category differed among the five states. The highest number of NTM cases was observed in Mississippi for the 80+-year age group, whereas Wisconsin observed the highest number of NTM cases in the 60- to 69-year age group.
From 2008 to 2013, the number of patients with positive specimens for NTM rose. This trend is likely to continue in the coming decade as the U.S. population ages. To reduce the prevalence of NTM infections, medical guidance for susceptible populations is needed regarding actions that can be taken to avoid sources and routes of exposure to NTMs if the disease burden is to be reduced.
许多非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）是具有临床意义的病原体，可在人类各种不同的器官和组织中引发疾病。
开展一项基于人群的研究，以调查美国五个州NTM检测呈阳性的患者的患病率。
我们利用2008年至2013年间提交至五个州（马里兰州、密西西比州、密苏里州、俄亥俄州和威斯康星州）疾病监测系统的数据，确定了至少有一份NTM检测呈阳性的患者的病例及年龄分布情况。计算了每个州每10万人的粗患病率、年龄别患病率和年龄调整患病率。
2008年至2013年期间，五个州的疾病监测系统共报告了24226例NTM病例。在监测期开始和结束时，总体年均年龄调整患病率从每10万人8.7例升至13.9例。50至80岁以上年龄组的病例数和发病率高于0至49岁年龄组。五个州按年龄分类的患病率有所不同。在80岁以上年龄组中，密西西比州的NTM病例数最多，而在60至69岁年龄组中，威斯康星州的NTM病例数最多。
2008年至2013年期间，NTM检测呈阳性的患者数量有所增加。随着美国人口老龄化，这一趋势在未来十年可能会持续。为降低NTM感染的患病率，如果要减轻疾病负担，需要为易感人群提供关于可采取哪些行动来避免接触NTM的来源和途径的医学指导。
