Hailemeskel Solomon, Demissie Asrate, Assefa Nigussie
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Institute of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing and Midwifery, School of Allied Health Science, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Womens Health. 2016 Sep 19;8:489-496. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S112768. eCollection 2016.
Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most common gynecologic compliant among adolescent females. There is a wide variation in the estimate of PD, which ranges from 50% to 90%, and the disorder is the most common cause of work and school absenteeism in adolescent females.
To assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of PD among female university students and understand its effects on students' academic performance.
A cross-sectional study was employed in 440 research participants. A multistage stratified sampling technique was employed to select the study units. Structured and pretested self-administered questionnaires were used and weight and height measurements were conducted. The severity of dysmenorrheal pain was assessed by using a verbal multidimensional scoring system and visual analog scale. The data were double entered in Epi Info version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed.
A total of 440 students participated in this study. The prevalence of PD was 368 (85.4%). Of these, 123 (28.5%) had mild, 164 (38.1%) moderate, and 81 (18.8%) severe primary dysmenorrheal pain. Among students with PD, 88.3% reported that PD had a negative effect on their academic performance. Of these, 80% reported school absence, 66.8% reported loss of class concentration, 56.3% reported class absence, 47.4% reported loss of class participation, 37.8% reported limited sport participation, 31.7% reported limitation in going out with friends, and 21% reported inability to do homework. Based on the multivariate logistic regression, PD was statistically significant with those who had lower monthly stipends, a history of attempt to lose weight, a history of depression or anxiety, disruption of social network of family, friends or people they love, who consumed more than four glasses of tea per day, who drunk one or more Coca-Cola or Pepsi per day, in nullipara, and students with a family history of dysmenorrhea.
PD is more prevalent among female students attending university. It has a significant negative impact on students' academic performance. Thus, it needs medical attention. There are various identified associated risk factors and considering them in the management of the disorder is fundamental. It is also wise to recommend future studies to better identify risk factors for PD and lighten its effect on students' academic performance at a larger scale in the country.
原发性痛经（PD）是青春期女性中最常见的妇科问题。原发性痛经的估计患病率差异很大，范围在50%至90%之间，该病症是青春期女性缺勤工作和上学的最常见原因。
评估女大学生原发性痛经的患病率及相关危险因素，并了解其对学生学业成绩的影响。
对440名研究参与者进行了一项横断面研究。采用多阶段分层抽样技术选择研究对象。使用结构化且经过预测试的自填式问卷，并测量体重和身高。采用言语多维评分系统和视觉模拟量表评估痛经疼痛的严重程度。数据在Epi Info 3.1版本中进行双录入，并使用SPSS 17版本进行分析。进行了描述性统计、卡方检验和逻辑回归分析。
共有440名学生参与了本研究。原发性痛经的患病率为368例（85.4%）。其中，123例（28.5%）为轻度，164例（38.1%）为中度，81例（18.8%）为重度原发性痛经疼痛。在患有原发性痛经的学生中，88.3%报告原发性痛经对其学业成绩有负面影响。其中，80%报告缺课，66.8%报告课堂注意力不集中，56.3%报告旷课，47.4%报告课堂参与度降低，37.8%报告体育活动受限，31.7%报告与朋友外出受限，21%报告无法完成家庭作业。基于多变量逻辑回归分析，原发性痛经与月津贴较低、有减肥尝试史、有抑郁或焦虑史、家庭、朋友或所爱之人的社交网络中断、每天饮用超过四杯茶、每天饮用一杯或多杯可口可乐或百事可乐、未生育以及有痛经家族史的学生具有统计学意义。
原发性痛经在女大学生中更为普遍。它对学生的学业成绩有显著负面影响。因此，需要医疗关注。已确定了各种相关危险因素，在该病症的管理中考虑这些因素至关重要。建议未来开展研究，以更好地识别原发性痛经的危险因素，并在全国范围内更大规模地减轻其对学生学业成绩的影响，这也是明智之举。
