D'Ovidio Maria Concetta, Annesi-Maesano Isabella, D'Amato Gennaro, Cecchi Lorenzo
Dipartimento di Medicina, Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro e Ambientale, Istituto Nazionale per l'Assicurazione contro gli Infortuni sul Lavoro (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone (Rome), Italy.
Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Saint-Antoine Medical School, F75012 Paris, France.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016 Jul-Sep;52(3):406-414. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_12.
Climate change, air pollution, temperature increase and other environmental variables are modifying air quality, contributing to the increase of prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases. Allergies are complex diseases characterized by multilevel interactions between individual susceptibility, response to immune modulation and environmental exposures to physical, chemical and biological agents. Occupational allergies introduce a further complexity to these relationships by adding occupational exposure to both the indoor and outdoor ones in the living environment.
The aim of this paper is to overview climate-related allergy affecting environmental and occupational health, as literature data are scanty in this regard, and to suggest a management model of this risk based on a multidisciplinary approach, taking the case of biological pollution, with details on exposure and prevention.
The management of climate-related occupational allergy should take into account preventive health strategies, environmental, public and occupational interventions, as well as to develop, implement, evaluate, and improve guidelines and standards protecting workers health under changing climatic conditions; new tools and strategies based on local conditions will have to be developed. Experimental studies and acquisition of environmental and personal data have to be matched to derive useful information for the scope of occupational health and safety.
气候变化、空气污染、气温上升及其他环境变量正在改变空气质量，促使过敏性呼吸道疾病的患病率上升。过敏是复杂的疾病，其特征在于个体易感性、对免疫调节的反应以及对物理、化学和生物制剂的环境暴露之间的多层次相互作用。职业性过敏通过在生活环境中的室内和室外暴露之外增加职业暴露，使这些关系更加复杂。
鉴于这方面的文献数据较少，本文旨在概述影响环境和职业健康的气候相关过敏，并基于多学科方法提出这种风险的管理模型，以生物污染为例，详细介绍暴露和预防措施。
气候相关职业性过敏的管理应考虑预防性健康策略、环境、公共和职业干预措施，以及制定、实施、评估和改进在不断变化的气候条件下保护工人健康的指南和标准；必须开发基于当地情况的新工具和策略。必须将实验研究与环境和个人数据的收集相匹配，以获取对职业健康和安全范围有用的信息。
