College of Pharmacy, College of Medicine/Department of Physiology and Cell Biology/Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Chemical and Materials Engineering and Ingenuity Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada.
Small. 2017 Jan;13(1). doi: 10.1002/smll.201601600. Epub 2016 Oct 6.
The significance of bionanomotors in nanotechnology is analogous to mechanical motors in daily life. Here the principle and approach for designing and constructing biomimetic nanomotors with continuous single-directional motion are reported. This bionanomotor is composed of a dodecameric protein channel, a six-pRNA ring, and an ATPase hexamer. Based on recent elucidations of the one-way revolving mechanisms of the phi29 double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) motor, various RNA and protein elements are designed and tested by single-molecule imaging and biochemical assays, with which the motor with active components has been constructed. The motor motion direction is controlled by three operation elements: (1) Asymmetrical ATPase with ATP-interacting domains for alternative DNA binding/pushing regulated by an arginine finger in a sequential action manner. The arginine finger bridges two adjacent ATPase subunits into a non-covalent dimer, resulting in an asymmetrical hexameric complex containing one dimer and four monomers. (2) The dsDNA translocation channel as a one-way valve. (3) The hexameric pRNA ring geared with left-/right-handed loops. Assessments of these constructs reveal that one inactive subunit of pRNA/ATPase is sufficient to completely block motor function (defined as K = 1), implying that these components work sequentially based on the principle of binomial distribution and Yang Hui's triangle.
生物纳米马达在纳米技术中的意义类似于日常生活中的机械马达。在此，我们报告了设计和构建具有连续单向运动的仿生纳米马达的原理和方法。这种生物纳米马达由十二聚体蛋白通道、六聚体 pRNA 环和 ATP 酶六聚体组成。基于最近对 phi29 双链 DNA（dsDNA）马达单向旋转机制的阐明，通过单分子成像和生化分析设计和测试了各种 RNA 和蛋白元件，构建了具有活性成分的马达。马达的运动方向由三个操作元件控制：（1）不对称 ATP 酶，其具有与 ATP 相互作用的结构域，通过精氨酸手指以顺序方式调节交替的 DNA 结合/推动。精氨酸手指将两个相邻的 ATP 酶亚基桥接成非共价二聚体，导致包含一个二聚体和四个单体的不对称六聚体复合物。（2）dsDNA 易位通道作为单向阀。（3）与左手/右手环啮合的六聚体 pRNA 环。对这些构建体的评估表明，pRNA/ATP 酶的一个非活性亚基足以完全阻断马达功能（定义为 K = 1），这意味着这些组件基于二项式分布和杨辉三角的原理依次工作。
