Sichuan Sports College, Human Movement Science, Chengdu, China.
Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, China.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2024 Dec;21(1):2435542. doi: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2435542. Epub 2024 Nov 28.
Weight reduction is a common practice among female weightlifters before competitions to qualify for specific weight classes. However, this process can adversely affect their physical performance and health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of physiological and biochemical monitoring and nutritional support on the competitive state of female weightlifters during the pre-competition weight reduction period.
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 28 female weightlifters from Sichuan Province, China, randomly assigned to the experimental group ( = 14) or the control group ( = 14). Both groups followed their regular training schedules. The experimental group received personalized nutritional monitoring and supplementation, including detailed assessments, dietary logs, weekly consultations, and targeted supplements based on biochemical indicators and training needs. The control group continued with their standard diet and training without additional interventions. Serum indicators, fatigue scales, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were monitored (a total of 5 tests).
The experimental group exhibited a significant reduction in creatine kinase levels by the fourth week compared to both baseline and the first week ( < 0.05), and maintained higher levels of testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and hemoglobin than the control group from the second week onwards ( < 0.05). Conversely, the control group showed an increase in creatine kinase and a decrease in testosterone and testosterone/cortisol ratio over the same period ( < 0.05). By the fourth week, the experimental group also reported lower fatigue and better sleep quality, as indicated by lower PSQI scores, compared to the control group ( < 0.001).
Personalized nutritional supplementation has an improving effect on biochemical indicators, fatigue, and sleep quality in female weightlifters during the pre-competition weight reduction period. Implementing biochemical monitoring and personalized nutritional support during this period is a key strategy for enhancing the competitive performance of female weightlifters.
女性举重运动员在参加特定体重级别的比赛前，常进行减重以达到参赛标准。然而，这一过程可能会对她们的身体表现和健康产生不利影响。本研究旨在调查生理生化监测和营养支持对女性举重运动员赛前减重期间竞技状态的影响。
采用随机对照试验，纳入中国四川省 28 名女性举重运动员，随机分为实验组（n=14）和对照组（n=14）。两组均遵循常规训练计划。实验组接受个性化营养监测和补充，包括详细评估、饮食日志、每周咨询以及根据生化指标和训练需求提供针对性补充剂。对照组继续采用标准饮食和训练，不进行额外干预。监测血清指标、疲劳量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分（共 5 次测试）。
与基线和第 1 周相比，实验组第 4 周的肌酸激酶水平显著降低（<0.05），并且从第 2 周开始，实验组的睾酮、睾酮/皮质醇比值和血红蛋白水平均高于对照组（<0.05）。相反，对照组在同一时期的肌酸激酶水平升高，睾酮和睾酮/皮质醇比值降低（<0.05）。到第 4 周，实验组的疲劳感更低，睡眠质量更好，PSQI 评分也更低（<0.001）。
个性化营养补充对女性举重运动员赛前减重期间的生化指标、疲劳和睡眠质量具有改善作用。在这一时期实施生化监测和个性化营养支持是提高女性举重运动员竞技表现的关键策略。
