Korsak Lulu I T, Mitchell Molly E, Shepard Katherine A, Akins Michael R
Drexel University, PISB 312; 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104,.
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Drexel University, PISB 319; 3245 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104,.
Curr Genet Med Rep. 2016 Mar;4(1):16-25. doi: 10.1007/s40142-016-0085-2. Epub 2016 Feb 6.
RNA localization is a key mechanism in the regulation of protein expression. In neurons, this includes the axonal transport of select mRNAs based on the recognition of axonal localization motifs in these RNAs by RNA binding proteins. Bioinformatic analyses of axonal RNAs suggest that selective inclusion of such localization motifs in mature mRNAs is one mechanism controlling the composition of the axonal transcriptome. The subsequent translation of axonal transcripts in response to specific stimuli provides precise spatiotemporal control of the axonal proteome. This axonal translation supports local phenomena including axon pathfinding, mitochondrial function, and synapse-specific plasticity. Axonal protein synthesis also provides transport machinery and signals for retrograde trafficking to the cell body to effect somatic changes including altering the transcriptional program. Here we review the remarkable progress made in recent years to identify and characterize these phenomena.
RNA定位是蛋白质表达调控中的关键机制。在神经元中，这包括基于RNA结合蛋白对这些RNA中轴突定位基序的识别，对特定mRNA进行轴突运输。对轴突RNA的生物信息学分析表明，成熟mRNA中选择性包含此类定位基序是控制轴突转录组组成的一种机制。轴突转录本响应特定刺激的后续翻译为轴突蛋白质组提供了精确的时空控制。这种轴突翻译支持局部现象，包括轴突导向、线粒体功能和突触特异性可塑性。轴突蛋白质合成还为逆行运输到细胞体提供运输机制和信号，以影响体细胞变化，包括改变转录程序。在这里，我们回顾近年来在识别和表征这些现象方面取得的显著进展。
