Tan Juan, Chen Ying-Xuan
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institution of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
Gastrointest Tumors. 2016 Sep;3(1):17-24. doi: 10.1159/000442831. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
Diets and lifestyles have been strongly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). In the past several decades, emerging evidence has suggested that the gut microbiota may have a role in the development of CRC. Its interaction with diets and lifestyles could affect the carcinogenesis of CRC.
This review presents the most recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence of three factors that may convincingly have a role in CRC, including fiber, red or processed meat, and alcohol, focusing on potential mechanisms and their interactions with the gut microbiota.
High consumption of fiber, low consumption of red or processed red meat as well as minimizing alcohol intake have been associated with a lower risk of CRC. Many microbial metabolites formed from those three substances may mediate the microbial diversity and the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, which eventually affects the balance between health and disease, including CRC.
Based on our synthetic review, clinicians may probably offer some recommendations and explanations to their patients who may want to modulate their diet and lifestyle to prevent CRC. As an easily modifiable environmental factor, it may be possible that applying dietary or lifestyle intervention could effectively protect against the development of CRC in the future.
饮食和生活方式与结直肠癌（CRC）密切相关。在过去几十年中，新出现的证据表明肠道微生物群可能在结直肠癌的发生发展中起作用。其与饮食和生活方式的相互作用可能会影响结直肠癌的致癌过程。
本综述展示了三个可能在结直肠癌中起重要作用的因素的最新流行病学和实验证据，包括纤维、红肉或加工肉类以及酒精，重点关注潜在机制及其与肠道微生物群的相互作用。
高纤维摄入、低红肉或加工红肉消费以及尽量减少酒精摄入与较低的结直肠癌风险相关。由这三种物质形成的许多微生物代谢产物可能介导微生物多样性以及肠道微生物群的组成和丰度，最终影响健康与疾病之间的平衡，包括结直肠癌。
基于我们的综合综述，临床医生可能会向那些希望调整饮食和生活方式以预防结直肠癌的患者提供一些建议和解释。作为一个易于改变的环境因素，未来通过饮食或生活方式干预可能有效地预防结直肠癌的发生。
