Van Wyk Jacqueline M, Naidoo Soornarain S, Moodley Kogie, Higgins-Opitz Susan B
Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2016 Sep 23;7:541-550. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S107304. eCollection 2016.
Following policy implementations to redress previous racial and gender discrepancies, this study explored how gender impacted on the clinical experiences of final-year medical students during their undergraduate training. It also gathered their perceptions and expectations for the future.
This cross-sectional, mixed-method study used a purposive sampling method to collect data from the participants (n=94). Each respondent was interviewed by two members of the research team. The quantitative data were entered into Excel and analyzed descriptively. The qualitative data were transcribed and thematically analyzed.
The majority of the respondents still perceived clinical practice as male dominated. All respondents agreed that females faced more obstacles in clinical practice than males. This included resistance from some patients, poor mentoring in some disciplines, and less support from hostile nurses. They feared for their personal safety and experienced gender-based stereotyping regarding their competency. Males thought that feminization of the profession may limit their residency choices, and they reported obstacles when conducting intimate examinations and consultations on female patients. Both males and females expressed desire for more normalized work hours to maintain personal relationships.
Social redress policies have done much to increase equal access for females to medical schools. Cultural values and attitudes from mentors, peers, and patients still impact on the quality of their clinical experiences and therefore also their decisions regarding future clinical practice. More mentoring and education may help to address some of the perceived obstacles.
在实施旨在纠正以往种族和性别差异的政策之后，本研究探讨了性别如何影响本科实习阶段最后一年医学生的临床体验。研究还收集了他们对未来的看法和期望。
这项横断面混合方法研究采用目的抽样法从参与者（n = 94）中收集数据。每位受访者由研究团队的两名成员进行访谈。定量数据录入Excel并进行描述性分析。定性数据进行转录并进行主题分析。
大多数受访者仍认为临床实践以男性为主导。所有受访者都认为女性在临床实践中面临的障碍比男性更多。这包括一些患者的抵触、某些学科缺乏良好的指导以及来自怀有敌意的护士的支持较少。她们担心自身安全，并在能力方面遭遇基于性别的刻板印象。男性认为该职业的女性化可能会限制他们的住院医师选择，并且他们表示在对女性患者进行体格检查和会诊时会遇到障碍。男性和女性都表示希望工作时间更加规范，以便维持人际关系。
社会补救政策在增加女性进入医学院的平等机会方面发挥了很大作用。导师、同龄人以及患者的文化价值观和态度仍然会影响她们临床体验的质量，进而影响她们未来临床实践的决策。更多的指导和教育可能有助于解决一些所察觉到的障碍。
