Sohal Vikaas S
Department of Psychiatry, Weil Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Center for Fundamental Neuroscience, and Sloan Swartz Center for Theoretical Neurobiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0444
J Neurosci. 2016 Oct 12;36(41):10489-10495. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0990-16.2016.
γ oscillations, which can be identified by rhythmic electrical signals ∼30-100 Hz, consist of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons that result in rhythmic inhibition capable of entraining firing within local cortical circuits. Many possible mechanisms have been described through which γ oscillations could act on cortical circuits to modulate their responses to input, alter their patterns of activity, and/or enhance the efficacy of their outputs onto downstream targets. Recently, several studies have observed changes in behavior after optogenetically manipulating neocortical γ oscillations. Now, future studies should determine whether these manipulations elicit physiological correlates associated with specific mechanisms through which γ oscillations are hypothesized to modulate cortical circuit function. There are numerous such mechanisms, so identifying which ones are actually engaged by optogenetic manipulations known to affect behavior would help flesh out exactly how γ oscillations contribute to cortical circuit function under normal and/or pathological conditions.
γ振荡可通过约30 - 100赫兹的节律性电信号识别，它由兴奋性和抑制性神经元之间的相互作用组成，这种相互作用导致节律性抑制，能够在局部皮质回路中诱导放电。已经描述了许多可能的机制，通过这些机制γ振荡可以作用于皮质回路，以调节其对输入的反应，改变其活动模式，和/或增强其对下游靶点输出的功效。最近，几项研究观察到在对新皮质γ振荡进行光遗传学操纵后行为发生了变化。现在，未来的研究应该确定这些操纵是否引发了与特定机制相关的生理关联，据推测γ振荡通过这些机制调节皮质回路功能。有许多这样的机制，因此确定哪些机制实际上参与了已知会影响行为的光遗传学操纵，将有助于确切阐明γ振荡在正常和/或病理条件下如何对皮质回路功能做出贡献。
