Rossi Fabrício E, Schoenfeld Brad J, Ocetnik Skyler, Young Jonathan, Vigotsky Andrew, Contreras Bret, Krieger James W, Miller Michael G, Cholewa Jason
Institute of Bioscience, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil.
Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2018 Mar;58(3):263-270. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06698-6. Epub 2016 Oct 13.
The purpose of this study was to compare strength, body composition, and functional outcome measures following performance of the back squat, leg press, or a combination of the two exercises.
Subjects were pair-matched based on initial strength levels and then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: a squat-only group (SQ) that solely performed squats for the lower body; a leg press-only group (LP) that solely performed leg presses for the lower body, or a combined squat and leg press group (SQ-LP) that performed both squats and leg presses for the lower body. All other RT variables were held constant. The study period lasted 10 weeks with subjects performing 2 lower body workouts per week comprising 6 sets per session at loads corresponding to 8-12 RM with 90- to 120-second rest intervals.
Results showed that SQ had greater transfer to maximal squat strength compared to the leg press. Effect sizes favored SQ and SQ-LP versus LP with respect to countermovement jump while greater effect sizes for dynamic balance were noted for SQ-LP and LP compared to SQ, although no statistical differences were noted between conditions.
These findings suggest that both free weights and machines can improve functional outcomes, and that the extent of transfer may be specific to the given task.
本研究的目的是比较进行深蹲、腿举或这两种运动组合后的力量、身体成分和功能结果指标。
根据初始力量水平将受试者进行配对，然后随机分配到3组中的1组：仅进行下肢深蹲的深蹲组（SQ）；仅进行下肢腿举的腿举组（LP）；或进行下肢深蹲和腿举的深蹲与腿举组合组（SQ-LP）。所有其他抗阻训练变量保持不变。研究期持续10周，受试者每周进行2次下肢训练，每次训练包括6组，负荷对应8-12次重复最大值，休息间隔为90至120秒。
结果显示，与腿举相比，深蹲对最大深蹲力量的迁移效果更佳。效应量表明，在反向纵跳方面，深蹲组和深蹲与腿举组合组优于腿举组；而在动态平衡方面，深蹲与腿举组合组和腿举组的效应量大于深蹲组，不过各条件之间未发现统计学差异。
这些发现表明，自由重量训练和器械训练都可以改善功能结果，并且迁移程度可能特定于给定任务。
