Watson Noreen L, Heffner Jaimee L, McClure Jennifer B, Bricker Jonathan B
a Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle , Washington , USA.
b Group Health Research Institute , Seattle , Washington , USA.
J Dual Diagn. 2017 Jan-Mar;13(1):1-5. doi: 10.1080/15504263.2016.1248310. Epub 2016 Oct 14.
Although social anxiety is associated with higher prevalence of smoking and lower cessation rates, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these relationships. Research suggests that socially anxious smokers have higher levels of smoking-specific experiential avoidance and are inclined to smoke to avoid internal smoking cues. However, it is unknown which types of internal smoking cues they avoid. Thus, this study aimed to address this gap in the literature.
Participants (N = 450) were adult smokers from a group-based trial for smoking cessation. Bivariate correlations and hierarchical linear regression models examined relationships between baseline levels of social anxiety and acceptance of internal smoking cues-physical sensations, emotions, and cognitions.
Social anxiety was associated with lower levels of acceptance of thoughts, sensations, and emotions that cue smoking. After controlling for levels of nicotine dependence, depression, generalized anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, social anxiety still explained unique variability in overall acceptance of internal smoking cues and in acceptance of physical sensations and emotions that serve as smoking cues. Social anxiety no longer explained unique variability in acceptance of thoughts that trigger smoking.
Smokers with high levels of social anxiety are less accepting of internal smoking cues. For physical and emotional cues, this effect was independent of level of dependence and mental health comorbidity. Results help explain why smokers with social anxiety are less likely to quit and can inform the development of targeted cessation treatments for smokers with social anxiety.
尽管社交焦虑与吸烟率较高和戒烟率较低有关，但对于这些关系的潜在机制知之甚少。研究表明，社交焦虑的吸烟者对吸烟特定的经验性回避程度较高，并且倾向于吸烟以避免内在的吸烟线索。然而，尚不清楚他们回避哪些类型的内在吸烟线索。因此，本研究旨在填补这一文献空白。
参与者（N = 450）是来自一项基于群体的戒烟试验的成年吸烟者。双变量相关性和分层线性回归模型检验了社交焦虑基线水平与对内在吸烟线索——身体感觉、情绪和认知的接受程度之间的关系。
社交焦虑与对提示吸烟的想法、感觉和情绪的较低接受程度相关。在控制了尼古丁依赖、抑郁、广泛性焦虑和创伤后应激障碍水平后，社交焦虑仍然解释了内在吸烟线索总体接受程度以及作为吸烟线索的身体感觉和情绪接受程度方面的独特变异性。社交焦虑不再解释触发吸烟的想法接受程度方面的独特变异性。
社交焦虑水平高的吸烟者对内在吸烟线索的接受程度较低。对于身体和情绪线索，这种影响独立于依赖水平和心理健康合并症。研究结果有助于解释为什么社交焦虑的吸烟者戒烟可能性较小，并可为针对社交焦虑吸烟者的靶向戒烟治疗的开发提供参考。
