Kaushik Ruchi, Krisch Isabelle M, Schroeder Darrell R, Flick Randall, Nemergut Michael E
Mayo Clinic Children's Center, 200 First Street SW, Mayo 16E, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
Inj Epidemiol. 2015 Dec;2(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s40621-015-0048-1. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
Head injuries are the leading cause of death among cyclists, 85 % of which can be prevented by wearing a bicycle helmet. This study aims to estimate the incidence of pediatric bicycle-related injuries in Olmsted County and assess differences in injuries between those wearing helmets vs. not.
Olmsted County, Minnesota residents 5 to 18 years of age with a diagnostic code consistent with an injury associated with the use of a bicycle between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011, were identified. Incidence rates were calculated and standardized to the age and sex distribution of the 2000 US white population. Type of injuries, the percentage requiring head CT or X-ray, and hospitalization were compared using a chi-square test. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, permanent neurologic injury, seizure, need for mechanical ventilation, and mortality were compared using Fisher's exact test.
A total of 1189 bicycle injuries were identified. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of all injuries was 278 (95 % CI, 249 to 306) per 100,000 person-years for females and 589 (95 % CI, 549 to 629) for males. The corresponding rates for head injuries were 104 (95 % CI, 87 to 121) for females and 255 (95 % CI, 229 to 281) for males. Of patients with head injuries, 17.4 % were documented to have been wearing a helmet, 44.8 % were documented as not wearing a helmet, and 37.8 % had no helmet use documentation. Patients with a head injury who were documented as not wearing a helmet were significantly more likely to undergo imaging of the head (32.1 percent vs. 11.5 %; p < 0.001) and to experience a brain injury (28.1 vs. 13.8 %; p = 0.008).
Children and adolescents continue to ride bicycles without wearing helmets, resulting in severe head and facial injuries and mortality.
头部受伤是骑自行车者死亡的主要原因，其中85%可通过佩戴自行车头盔预防。本研究旨在估算奥尔姆斯特德县儿童自行车相关伤害的发生率，并评估佩戴头盔与未佩戴头盔者在伤害方面的差异。
确定2002年1月1日至2011年12月31日期间明尼苏达州奥尔姆斯特德县5至18岁居民，其诊断代码与自行车使用相关伤害一致。计算发病率并根据2000年美国白人人口的年龄和性别分布进行标准化。使用卡方检验比较伤害类型、需要头部CT或X线检查的百分比以及住院情况。使用Fisher精确检验比较儿科重症监护病房（PICU）入院、永久性神经损伤、癫痫发作、机械通气需求和死亡率。
共识别出1189例自行车伤害。所有伤害的总体年龄调整发病率女性为每10万人年278例（95%可信区间，249至306），男性为589例（95%可信区间，549至629）。头部受伤的相应发病率女性为104例（95%可信区间，87至121），男性为255例（95%可信区间，229至281）。在头部受伤患者中，有记录显示17.4%佩戴了头盔，44.8%未佩戴头盔，37.8%没有头盔使用记录。有记录显示未佩戴头盔的头部受伤患者进行头部成像的可能性显著更高（32.1%对11.5%；p<0.001），发生脑损伤的可能性也更高（28.1%对13.8%；p=0.008）。
儿童和青少年继续在不戴头盔的情况下骑自行车，导致严重的头部和面部损伤以及死亡。
