Penetrating knee injuries: the nail gun.

Since the development of the nail gun in the 1950s, various reports cite injuries to the head, chest, abdomen, and extremities. Few of these reports mention any nail gun injuries to the knee joint. A total of 33 patients with penetrating injuries to the knee was identified. Of these, 13 had penetrating wounds caused by power nail guns or staplers. The average age was 25 years (range, 17-40). In 10 of the 13 patients, bone involvement (femur in 6, patella in 2, tibia in 1, and both femur and patella in 1) occurred. Treatment consisted of arthroscopy with irrigation of the knee and nail removal in 10 patients. The other 3 patients underwent arthrotomy in conjunction with nail removal and irrigation. No drains were used postoperatively. I.v. cephalosporin antibiotics were given initially in all cases and were continued orally after hospital discharge. Immediate post injury follow-up varied from a few days to 3 months. Six of the 13 patients were found for follow-up 10-33 months (average 19 months) post injury. All of these returned to full duty in the home construction industry. None developed an infection or needed additional surgery. Based on this series, power nail gun knee joint wounds should have tetanus prophylaxis, arthroscopic evaluation, and irrigation of the knee joint in conjunction with nail removal, i.v. antibiotics for 12-48 h, followed by a 10-day course of oral antibiotics. Unless cultures indicate differently, a first-generation cephalosporin is recommended.