Liu Shuo, Wang Junhua, Fu Ting
School of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Cao'an Highway, Shanghai 201804, China.
Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Oct 14;13(10):1010. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13101010.
This study tested the effects of lane width, lane position and edge shoulder width on driving behavior for a three-lane underground urban expressway. A driving simulator was used with 24 volunteer test subjects. Five lane widths (2.85, 3.00, 3.25, 3.50, and 3.75 m) and three shoulder widths (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 m) were studied. Driving speed, lane deviation and subjective perception of driving behavior were collected as performance measures. The results show that lane and shoulder width have significant effects on driving speed. Average driving speed increases from 60.01 km/h in the narrowest lane to 88.05 km/h in the widest lane. While both narrower lanes and shoulders result in reduced speed and lateral lane deviation, the effect of lane width is greater than that of shoulder width. When the lane and shoulder are narrow, drivers in the left or right lane tend to shy away from the tunnel wall, even encroaching into the neighboring middle lane. As the lane or shoulder gets wider, drivers tend to stay in the middle of the lane. An interesting finding is that although few participants acknowledged that lane position had any great bearing on their driving behaviors, the observed driving speed is statistically higher in the left lane than in the other two lanes when the lane width is narrow (in 2.85, 3 and 3.25 m lanes). These findings provided support for amending the current design specifications of urban underground roads, such as the relationship between design speed and lane width, speed limit, and combination form of lanes.
本研究测试了三车道城市地下快速路的车道宽度、车道位置和路肩宽度对驾驶行为的影响。使用驾驶模拟器对24名志愿者测试对象进行了研究。研究了五种车道宽度（2.85米、3.00米、3.25米、3.50米和3.75米）和三种路肩宽度（0.50米、0.75米和1.00米）。收集了驾驶速度、车道偏移和驾驶行为的主观感受作为性能指标。结果表明，车道和路肩宽度对驾驶速度有显著影响。平均驾驶速度从最窄车道的60.01公里/小时增加到最宽车道的88.05公里/小时。虽然较窄的车道和路肩都会导致速度降低和车道横向偏移，但车道宽度的影响大于路肩宽度。当车道和路肩较窄时，左车道或右车道的驾驶员往往会避开隧道壁，甚至侵入相邻的中间车道。随着车道或路肩变宽，驾驶员倾向于留在车道中间。一个有趣的发现是，尽管很少有参与者承认车道位置对他们的驾驶行为有很大影响，但当车道宽度较窄（2.85米、3米和3.25米车道）时，观察到的左车道驾驶速度在统计上高于其他两条车道。这些发现为修订城市地下道路的现行设计规范提供了支持，如设计速度与车道宽度的关系、速度限制以及车道组合形式等。
