Lewis-Evans Ben, Charlton Samuel G
Traffic & Road Safety Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Accid Anal Prev. 2006 May;38(3):610-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2005.12.005. Epub 2006 Jan 19.
The finding that drivers may react to safety interventions in a way that is contrary to what was intended is the phenomenon of behavioural adaptation. This phenomenon has been demonstrated across various safety interventions and has serious implications for road safety programs the world over. The present research used a driving simulator to assess behavioural adaptation in drivers' speed and lateral displacement in response to manipulations of road width. Of interest was whether behavioural adaptation would occur and whether we could determine whether it was the result of explicit, conscious decisions or implicit perceptual processes. The results supported an implicit, zero perceived risk model of behavioural adaptation with reduced speeds on a narrowed road accompanied by increased ratings of risk and a marked inability of the participants to identify that any change in road width had occurred.
驾驶员可能会以与预期相反的方式对安全干预措施做出反应，这一现象就是行为适应。这种现象已在各种安全干预措施中得到证实，对全球道路安全计划具有严重影响。本研究使用驾驶模拟器来评估驾驶员在道路宽度变化时速度和横向位移方面的行为适应情况。我们感兴趣的是行为适应是否会发生，以及能否确定它是明确的、有意识决策的结果还是隐性感知过程的结果。结果支持了行为适应的隐性、零感知风险模型，即在道路变窄时速度降低，同时风险评级增加，而且参与者明显无法识别道路宽度发生了任何变化。
