Jo Jay-Hyun, Kennedy Elizabeth A, Kong Heidi H
a Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA.
Virulence. 2017 Apr 3;8(3):324-333. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1249093. Epub 2016 Oct 18.
Skin constantly encounters external elements, including microbes. Culture-based studies have identified fungi present on human skin and have linked some species with certain skin diseases. Moreover, modern medical treatments, especially immunosuppressants, have increased the population at risk for cutaneous and invasive fungal infections, emphasizing the need to understand skin fungal communities in health and disease. A major hurdle for studying fungal flora at a community level has been the heterogeneous culture conditions required by skin fungi. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the skin microbiome through culture-free methods. This review discusses historical and recent research on skin fungal communities - the mycobiome - in health and disease, and challenges associated with sequencing-based mycobiome research.
皮肤不断接触包括微生物在内的外部因素。基于培养的研究已鉴定出存在于人体皮肤上的真菌，并将某些物种与特定皮肤病联系起来。此外，现代医学治疗，尤其是免疫抑制剂，增加了皮肤和侵袭性真菌感染的风险人群，这凸显了了解健康和疾病状态下皮肤真菌群落的必要性。在群落水平上研究真菌菌群的一个主要障碍是皮肤真菌所需的异质培养条件。DNA测序技术的最新进展通过免培养方法极大地扩展了我们对皮肤微生物组的认识。本文综述了关于健康和疾病状态下皮肤真菌群落——真菌微生物组——的历史和最新研究，以及基于测序的真菌微生物组研究面临的挑战。
