Rock D L
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Vet Microbiol. 2017 Jul;206:52-58. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.003. Epub 2016 Oct 11.
African swine fever (ASF), an acute, viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic swine with mortality rates approaching 100%, is arguably the most significant emerging disease threat for the swine industry worldwide. Devastating ASF outbreaks and continuing epidemic in the Caucasus region and Russia (2007-to date) highlight significance of this disease threat. There is no vaccine for ASF, thus leaving animal slaughter the only effective disease control option. It is clear, however, that vaccination is possible since protection against reinfection with the homologous strain of African swine fever virus (ASFV) has been clearly demonstrated. Vaccine development has been hindered by large gaps in knowledge concerning ASFV infection and immunity, the extent of ASFV strain variation in nature and the identification of viral proteins (protective antigens) responsible for inducing protective immune responses in the pig. This review focuses on the challenges surrounding ASF vaccine design and development, with an emphasis on existing knowledge gaps.
非洲猪瘟（ASF）是家猪的一种急性病毒性出血性疾病，死亡率接近100%，可以说是全球养猪业面临的最重大的新出现疾病威胁。高加索地区和俄罗斯（2007年至今）毁灭性的ASF疫情爆发及疫情持续凸显了这种疾病威胁的严重性。目前尚无针对ASF的疫苗，因此动物扑杀是唯一有效的疾病控制选择。然而，由于已经明确证明针对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）同源毒株的再感染具有保护作用，显然接种疫苗是可行的。关于ASFV感染和免疫、自然界中ASFV毒株变异程度以及负责在猪体内诱导保护性免疫反应的病毒蛋白（保护性抗原）的识别等方面，知识存在巨大差距，这阻碍了疫苗的研发。本综述重点关注ASF疫苗设计和开发所面临的挑战，并着重指出了现有的知识空白。
