Gibbons Joseph, Barton Michael S
Department of Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
Department of Sociology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
J Urban Health. 2016 Dec;93(6):909-922. doi: 10.1007/s11524-016-0087-0.
There exists controversy as to the impact gentrification of cities has on the well-being of minorities. Some accuse gentrification of causing health disparities for disadvantaged minority populations residing in neighborhoods that are changing as a result of these socioeconomic shifts. Past scholarship has suggested that fears of displacement and social isolation associated with gentrification lead to poorer minority health. However, there is a lack of research that directly links gentrification to minority health outcomes. We address this gap with individual data from the 2008 Philadelphia Health Management Corporation's Southeastern Pennsylvania Household Health Survey and census tract data from the 2000 Decennial Census and the 2006-2010 American Community Survey. We implement logistic multilevel models to determine whether and how a resident's self-rated health is affected by gentrification of their neighborhoods. We find that while gentrification does have a marginal effect improving self-rated health for neighborhood residents overall, it leads to worse health outcomes for Blacks. Accounting for racial change, while gentrification leading to increases in White population has no measurable effect on minority health, "Black gentrification" leads to marginally worse health outcomes for Black respondents. These results demonstrate the limitations that improvements of neighborhood socioeconomic character have in offsetting minority health disparities.
关于城市中产阶级化对少数族裔福祉的影响存在争议。一些人指责中产阶级化给居住在因这些社会经济变化而发生改变的社区中的弱势少数族裔群体造成了健康差距。过去的学术研究表明，与中产阶级化相关的对流离失所和社会隔离的恐惧导致少数族裔健康状况较差。然而，缺乏直接将中产阶级化与少数族裔健康结果联系起来的研究。我们利用2008年费城健康管理公司的宾夕法尼亚州东南部家庭健康调查的个人数据以及2000年十年一次人口普查和2006 - 2010年美国社区调查的普查区数据来填补这一空白。我们实施逻辑多水平模型来确定居民的自我健康评价是否以及如何受到其社区中产阶级化的影响。我们发现，虽然中产阶级化总体上对社区居民的自我健康评价确实有一定的改善作用，但对黑人来说，它会导致更差的健康结果。考虑到种族变化，虽然白人人口增加的中产阶级化对少数族裔健康没有可衡量的影响，但“黑人中产阶级化”会使黑人受访者的健康结果略有恶化。这些结果表明，社区社会经济特征的改善在抵消少数族裔健康差距方面存在局限性。
