Abadie Marlène, Waroquier Laurent, Terrier Patrice
Département de Psychologie, Université de Fribourg.
Le Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 May;43(5):694-705. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000336. Epub 2016 Oct 20.
Previous research showed that the , which refers to an improvement in complex decision making following a distraction period, was moderated by the presentation format of pieces of information about different options. The aim of the current study was to replicate this finding and further examine the memory representations underlying decision making following a distraction or a deliberation period. Results showed that, when the information was presented blocked per option, participants were better able to differentiate the best option from the others after a distraction period than immediately after the information presentation or after a deliberation period. In addition, distracted participants retrieved more gist representations of the options when the information was presented per option. By contrast, participants were better able to differentiate the best option from the others after a deliberation period when the information was presented per attribute. Participants who deliberated also retrieved more verbatim representations when the information was presented per attribute. Finally, mediation analyses indicated that the accuracy of the evaluations of the options depends on gist memory when distracted but on verbatim memory when deliberating. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of distraction or deliberation depends on the memory representations of the different options. (PsycINFO Database Record
先前的研究表明,“休息片刻效应”(即在一段分心期后复杂决策能力得到提升)会受到关于不同选项的信息呈现形式的调节。本研究的目的是重复这一发现,并进一步探究在分心期或思考期后决策背后的记忆表征。结果显示,当按每个选项分块呈现信息时,与信息呈现后立即进行决策或在思考期后进行决策相比,参与者在分心期后能更好地从其他选项中区分出最佳选项。此外,当按每个选项呈现信息时,分心的参与者能提取出更多选项的要点表征。相比之下,当按每个属性呈现信息时,参与者在思考期后能更好地从其他选项中区分出最佳选项。当按每个属性呈现信息时,进行思考的参与者也能提取出更多逐字记录的表征。最后,中介分析表明,对选项评估的准确性在分心时取决于要点记忆,而在思考时取决于逐字记忆。这些发现表明,分心或思考的有效性取决于不同选项的记忆表征。(《心理学文摘数据库记录》 )