Whitmire Clarissa J, Stanley Garrett B
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
Neuron. 2016 Oct 19;92(2):298-315. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.046.
Adaptation is fundamental to life. All organisms adapt over timescales that span from evolution to generations and lifetimes to moment-by-moment interactions. The nervous system is particularly adept at rapidly adapting to change, and this in fact may be one of its fundamental principles of organization and function. Rapid forms of sensory adaptation have been well documented across all sensory modalities in a wide range of organisms, yet we do not have a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive cellular mechanisms that ultimately give rise to the corresponding percepts, due in part to the complexity of the circuitry. In this Perspective, we aim to build links between adaptation at multiple scales of neural circuitry by investigating the differential adaptation across brain regions and sub-regions and across specific cell types, for which the explosion of modern tools has just begun to enable. This investigation points to a set of challenges for the field to link functional observations to adaptive properties of the neural circuit that ultimately underlie percepts.
适应是生命的基本要素。所有生物体都会在从进化到代际、从一生到瞬间互动的时间尺度上进行适应。神经系统尤其擅长快速适应变化，而这实际上可能是其组织和功能的基本原理之一。在广泛的生物体中，各种感觉模态下都有关于快速形式的感觉适应的充分记录，但由于神经回路的复杂性，我们对最终产生相应感知的适应性细胞机制还没有全面的了解。在这篇观点文章中，我们旨在通过研究不同脑区和亚区域以及特定细胞类型之间的差异适应，在神经回路的多个尺度上建立适应之间的联系，而现代工具的涌现才刚刚开始使这一研究成为可能。这项研究指出了该领域面临的一系列挑战，即如何将功能观察结果与最终构成感知基础的神经回路的适应性特性联系起来。
