Miller Kenneth D
Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Swartz Program in Theoretical Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-2695, United States.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016 Apr;37:75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.01.008. Epub 2016 Feb 8.
The idea that there is a fundamental cortical circuit that performs canonical computations remains compelling though far from proven. Here we review evidence for two canonical operations within sensory cortical areas: a feedforward computation of selectivity; and a recurrent computation of gain in which, given sufficiently strong external input, perhaps from multiple sources, intracortical input largely, but not completely, cancels this external input. This operation leads to many characteristic cortical nonlinearities in integrating multiple stimuli. The cortical computation must combine such local processing with hierarchical processing across areas. We point to important changes in moving from sensory cortex to motor and frontal cortex and the possibility of substantial differences between cortex in rodents vs. species with columnar organization of selectivity.
存在执行规范计算的基本皮质回路这一观点仍然令人信服，尽管远未得到证实。在这里，我们回顾了感觉皮质区域内两种规范操作的证据：选择性的前馈计算；以及增益的循环计算，即在给定足够强的外部输入（可能来自多个来源）的情况下，皮质内输入在很大程度上但并非完全抵消这种外部输入。这种操作在整合多个刺激时会导致许多典型的皮质非线性。皮质计算必须将这种局部处理与跨区域的层次处理相结合。我们指出了从感觉皮质到运动皮质和额叶皮质转变过程中的重要变化，以及啮齿动物的皮质与具有选择性柱状组织的物种的皮质之间可能存在的显著差异。
